Freeze-Drying Systems: Freeze Dryer Interface Design Requirements and Automatic Loading and Unloading Systems (ALUS™)

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Maik Guttzeit ◽  
Carolin Wolf ◽  
Johannes Selch ◽  
Thomas Beutler
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Freeze Dryer ◽  
Automatic Loading

scholarly journals Design and Application of Versatile Automatic Bin with Valve Splint Slide Way

2018 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 03010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Zhao ◽  
Hua Zhang ◽  
Jie Yin ◽  
Hua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Feeding Mechanism ◽  
Designed Experiments ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Automatic Loading

A versatile modular automatic bin is designed for the valve processing and manufacturing industry, which can realize the functions of orderly storage, single separation, on-demand feeding and so on. It can also be combined with different types of manipulator to form an automatic loading and unloading workstation for each step of the valve fabrication to replace manual production. Targeting the real applications and conditions, in this work, the design requirements of silos are analyzed and the overall structure is designed. Experiments on the key component of the slide way are also carried out. Based on the data, the optimal inclination angle is determined. Besides, the material mechanism, the feeding mechanism and the pneumatic system are introduced in detail. Finally, the case study on the valve production enterprise is provided.

Developing Design Requirements from Cognitive Task Data: Replacing Magic with Methodology

1998 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Hale ◽  
Anna L. Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Interaction Design ◽  
Interface Design ◽  
Design Problem ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Ecological Interface Design ◽  
Engineering Data ◽  
User Data ◽  
Design Requirements

This symposium addresses the challenge of translating user data to specifications suitable for interface development. Four methodologies will be presented: Decision requirements tables, ecological interface design, object-view and interaction design and procedural networks. These four methodologies will be contrasted relative to three dimensions: (1) type of data used in analysis, (2) point in the design process at which each methodology focuses its impact and (3) the formalisms each uses for translating psychological data into engineering data suitable for specification development. Our introductory remarks will elaborate on these three dimensions, and present an example design problem. The four session participants then will present their respective methodologies, how each addresses the three dimensions and how each can be used to address the example design problem.

Simulations and Measurements of Water Vapor Flow and Ice Dynamics in a Freeze-Dryer Condenser

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnab Ganguly ◽  
Alina Alexeenko ◽  
Frank DeMarco
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mass Flux ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Ice Accretion ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Freeze Dryer

Freeze-drying is a low-pressure, low-temperature condensation pumping process widely used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals for removal of solvents by sublimation. The performance of a freeze-dryer condenser is largely dependent on the vapor and ice dynamics in the low-pressure environment. The main objective of this work is to develop a modeling and computational framework for analysis of vapor flow and ice dynamics in such freeze-dryer condensers. The direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique is applied to model the relevant physical processes that accompany the vapor flow in the condenser chamber. Low-temperature water vapor and nitrogen molecular model is applied in the DSMC solver SMILE to simulate the bulk vapor transport. The developing ice front on the coils of the condenser is tracked based on the steady state mass flux computed at the nodes of the DSMC surface mesh. Verification of ice accretion simulations has been done by comparison with the solution for analytical free-molecular flow over a circular cylinder. The developed model has also been validated with measurements of ice growth in a laboratory and production scale freeze-dryer using time-lapse imaging. To illustrate the application of the ice accretion algorithm in the area of bio-pharmaceutical freeze-drying, the current work discusses the effect of the condenser geometry and non-condensable gas on non-uniformity of mass flux in a laboratory scale and production scale freeze-dryer condenser. In addition, the simulations are used to predict the ice formation on the coils of the condenser. It was found that in the laboratory scale dryer, the presence of a duct connecting the product chamber and condenser increased non-uniformity by 65% at a sublimation rate of 5 g/hr. The measured ice thickness on the coils of the condenser was found to increase non-linearly. This non-linearity was captured within an accuracy of 1% compared to the measurements towards the end of a 24 hour cycle using an unsteady icing model while that using a steady model was within 14%. In the production dryer, while the steady model predicted the iced coil diameter within an accuracy of 2–5% with respect to the measurements, the unsteady model captured this within an accuracy of 1–6%. The DSMC simulations demonstrate that by augmenting its capabilities with the icing model, it is possible to predict the performance of a freeze-dryer condenser with any arbitrary design.

Design of VLM20-FMC-Type Inverted Spindle CNC Turning-Milling Compound Flexible Machining Cell

2014 ◽  
Vol 1006-1007 ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Bao Niu Zhou ◽  
Qiu Hong Wang ◽  
Ling Wang ◽  
Yu Qing Chen
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Cnc Machining ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Temperature Tracking ◽  
Integrated Processing ◽  
Efficient Processing ◽  
Loading And Unloading ◽  
Manufacturing Mode ◽  
Automatic Loading

Based on typical parts CNC machining technology solutions, using the inverted spindle, high-capacity storage automatic loading and unloading of the workpiece conveyor systems, temperature tracking control system, ladder-shaped bed base and other new technologies. A milling-turning flexible machining cell was researched and developed, which means once the piece was fixed, all the procedures, including turning, milling, drilling, reaming, tapping and other processes integrated processing, can be completed. As an advanced manufacturing mode, it was suitable for the efficient processing of short-sleeve-type parts, panel parts, etc.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Drying Method on the Quality of Dried Kiwi Slices

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamyar Movagharnejad ◽  
Sepideh Pouya
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Ascorbic Acid Content ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Freeze Dryer ◽  
Microwave Dryer

Abstract— Drying is known as a food preservation method which increases the food’s storage time by water reduction. Traditional drying consisted of open sun-drying, but different industrial dryers have been widely used in recent times. The new dryers consist of convective, infrared, ultrasound, freeze fluidized bed and freeze dryers. All of these dryers reduce the water content but under different mechanisms which leads to the end products with different qualities. In this study we aim to compare the difference in quality of kiwi fruit slices dried by three different dryers: 1. Convective tray dryer, 2. Microwave dryer and 3. Freeze dryer. The tray dryer experiments were conducted in two air temperatures of 60 and 80oC in the constant air velocity of 0.8 m/s. The microwave dryer operated in 3 output powers of 180, 270 and 360 W. The condenser temperature and pressure in the freeze dryer reduced to -50oC and 0.1 mbar, respectively. The operating conditions and time were regulated so that the moisture content of all dried samples reduced to nearly 10% in the wet basis. The three parameters of color change, ascorbic acid and antioxidant reduction were selected as the measuring criteria for the comparison of the product qualities. The experiments show that the freeze drying caused the minimum color change while the microwave drying in the maximum power of 360W caused the maximum amount of color change. The concentration of ascorbic acid was measured in the fresh fruits and dried samples by standard methods. The measurements proved that the ascorbic acid content of the freeze dried samples was 80% of the fresh fruits. The ascorbic acid content of other samples was much lower. The antioxidant activity of the dried samples and the fresh fruits was also measured by standard methods and the experimental data also showed that the freeze drying causes the minimum reduction in the antioxidant activity.

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