High-Resolution and Super-Resolution Immunofluorescent Microscopy Ex Vivo to Study Pneumococcal Interactions with the Host

2019 ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Federico Iovino ◽  
Birgitta Henriques-Normark
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Immunofluorescent Microscopy

scholarly journals Deriving VIIRS High-Spatial Resolution Water Property Data over Coastal and Inland Waters Using Deep Convolutional Neural Network

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1944
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Liu ◽  
Menghua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
High Spatial Resolution ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Coastal Oceans ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Color Data

The Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (SNPP) satellite has been a reliable source of ocean color data products, including five moderate (M) bands and one imagery (I) band normalized water-leaving radiance spectra nLw(λ). The spatial resolutions of the M-band and I-band nLw(λ) are 750 m and 375 m, respectively. With the technique of convolutional neural network (CNN), the M-band nLw(λ) imagery can be super-resolved from 750 m to 375 m spatial resolution by leveraging the high spatial resolution features of I1-band nLw(λ) data. However, it is also important to enhance the spatial resolution of VIIRS-derived chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration and the water diffuse attenuation coefficient at the wavelength of 490 nm (Kd(490)), as well as other biological and biogeochemical products. In this study, we describe our effort to derive high-resolution Kd(490) and Chl-a data based on super-resolved nLw(λ) images at the VIIRS five M-bands. To improve the network performance over extremely turbid coastal oceans and inland waters, the networks are retrained with a training dataset including ocean color data from the Bohai Sea, Baltic Sea, and La Plata River Estuary, covering water types from clear open oceans to moderately turbid and highly turbid waters. The evaluation results show that the super-resolved Kd(490) image is much sharper than the original one, and has more detailed fine spatial structures. A similar enhancement of finer structures is also found in the super-resolved Chl-a images. Chl-a filaments are much sharper and thinner in the super-resolved image, and some of the very fine spatial features that are not shown in the original images appear in the super-resolved Chl-a imageries. The networks are also applied to four other coastal and inland water regions. The results show that super-resolution occurs mainly on pixels of Chl-a and Kd(490) features, especially on the feature edges and locations with a large spatial gradient. The biases between the original M-band images and super-resolved high-resolution images are small for both Chl-a and Kd(490) in moderately to extremely turbid coastal oceans and inland waters, indicating that the super-resolution process does not change the mean values of the original images.

scholarly journals Ultra-High-Resolution 1 m/pixel CaSSIS DTM Using Super-Resolution Restoration and Shape-from-Shading: Demonstration over Oxia Planum on Mars

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2185
Author(s):  
Yu Tao ◽  
Sylvain Douté ◽  
Jan-Peter Muller ◽  
Susan J. Conway ◽  
Nicolas Thomas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Reconstruction ◽  
Imaging System ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Landing Site ◽  
Shape From Shading ◽  
Stereo Pair ◽  
Terrain Model

We introduce a novel ultra-high-resolution Digital Terrain Model (DTM) processing system using a combination of photogrammetric 3D reconstruction, image co-registration, image super-resolution restoration, shape-from-shading DTM refinement, and 3D co-alignment methods. Technical details of the method are described, and results are demonstrated using a 4 m/pixel Trace Gas Orbiter Colour and Stereo Surface Imaging System (CaSSIS) panchromatic image and an overlapping 6 m/pixel Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Context Camera (CTX) stereo pair to produce a 1 m/pixel CaSSIS Super-Resolution Restoration (SRR) DTM for different areas over Oxia Planum on Mars—the future ESA ExoMars 2022 Rosalind Franklin rover’s landing site. Quantitative assessments are made using profile measurements and the counting of resolvable craters, in comparison with the publicly available 1 m/pixel High-Resolution Imaging Experiment (HiRISE) DTM. These assessments demonstrate that the final resultant 1 m/pixel CaSSIS DTM from the proposed processing system has achieved comparable and sometimes more detailed 3D reconstruction compared to the overlapping HiRISE DTM.

scholarly journals Super Resolution Digital Image Correlation (SR-DIC): an Alternative to Image Stitching at High Magnifications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hansen ◽  
D. W. Waldram ◽  
T. Q. Thai ◽  
R. B. Berke
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Digital Image Correlation ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Image Correlation ◽  
Low Resolution ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Resolution Image ◽  
High Resolution Image

Abstract Background High-resolution Digital Image Correlation (DIC) measurements have previously been produced by stitching of neighboring images, which often requires short working distances. Separately, the image processing community has developed super resolution (SR) imaging techniques, which improve resolution by combining multiple overlapping images. Objective This work investigates the novel pairing of super resolution with digital image correlation, as an alternative method to produce high-resolution full-field strain measurements. Methods First, an image reconstruction test is performed, comparing the ability of three previously published SR algorithms to replicate a high-resolution image. Second, an applied translation is compared against DIC measurement using both low- and super-resolution images. Third, a ring sample is mechanically deformed and DIC strain measurements from low- and super-resolution images are compared. Results SR measurements show improvements compared to low-resolution images, although they do not perfectly replicate the high-resolution image. SR-DIC demonstrates reduced error and improved confidence in measuring rigid body translation when compared to low resolution alternatives, and it also shows improvement in spatial resolution for strain measurements of ring deformation. Conclusions Super resolution imaging can be effectively paired with Digital Image Correlation, offering improved spatial resolution, reduced error, and increased measurement confidence.

scholarly journals In VivoVisualization of Heterogeneous Intratumoral Distribution of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1αActivity by the Fusion of High-Resolution SPECT and Morphological Imaging Tests

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Fujii ◽  
Masayuki Yamaguchi ◽  
Kazumasa Inoue ◽  
Yasuko Mutou ◽  
Masashi Ueda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Chimeric Protein ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Ct Scanner ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Fusion Images ◽  
Intratumoral Distribution

Purpose. We aimed to clearly visualize heterogeneous distribution of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α(HIF) activity in tumor tissuesin vivo.Methods. We synthesized of125I-IPOS, a125I labeled chimeric protein probe, that would visualize HIF activity. The biodistribution of125I-IPOS in FM3A tumor-bearing mice was evaluated. Then, the intratumoral localization of this probe was observed by autoradiography, and it was compared with histopathological findings. The distribution of125I-IPOS in tumors was imaged by a small animal SPECT/CT scanner. The obtainedin vivoSPECT-CT fusion images were compared withex vivoimages of excised tumors. Fusion imaging with MRI was also examined.Results.125I-IPOS well accumulated in FM3A tumors. The intratumoral distribution of125I-IPOS by autoradiography was quite heterogeneous, and it partially overlapped with that of pimonidazole. High-resolution SPECT-CT fusion images successfully demonstrated the heterogeneity of125I-IPOS distribution inside tumors. SPECT-MRI fusion images could give more detailed information about the intratumoral distribution of125I-IPOS.Conclusion. High-resolution SPECT images successfully demonstrated heterogeneous intratumoral distribution of125I-IPOS. SPECT-CT fusion images, more favorably SPECT-MRI fusion images, would be useful to understand the features of heterogeneous intratumoral expression of HIF activityin vivo.

scholarly journals High-resolution MRI and micro-CT in an ex vivo rabbit anterior cruciate ligament transection model of osteoarthritis

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 614-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danika L. Batiste ◽  
Alexandra Kirkley ◽  
Sheila Laverty ◽  
Lisa M.F. Thain ◽  
Alison R. Spouge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Transection ◽  
High Resolution Mri ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Human Median Nerve

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archie Heddings ◽  
Mehmet Bilgen ◽  
Randolph Nudo ◽  
Bruce Toby ◽  
Terence McIff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Peripheral Nerve ◽  
Median Nerve ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Imaging Protocols

Objectives. It is widely accepted that peripheral nerve repairs performed within 6 weeks of injury have much better outcomes than those performed at later dates. However, there is no diagnostic technique that can determine if a traumatic peripheral nerve injury requires surgical intervention in the early postinjury phase. The objective of this article was to determine whether novel, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging techniques could demonstrate the microstructure of human peripheral nerves that is necessary for determining prognosis and determining if surgery is indicated following traumatic injury. Methods. Ex vivo magnetic resonance imaging protocols were developed on a 9.4-T research scanner using spin-echo proton density and gradient-echo imaging sequences and a specially designed, inductively coupled radio frequency coil. These imaging protocols were applied to in situ imaging of the human median nerve in 4 fresh-frozen cadaver arms. Results. Noninvasive high-resolution images of the human median nerve were obtained. Structures in the nerve that were observed included fascicles, interfascicular epineurium, perineurium, and intrafascicular septations. Conclusion. Application of these imaging techniques to clinical scanners could provide physicians with a tool that is capable of grading the severity of nerve injuries and providing indications for surgery in the early postinjury phase.

Quantification of coronary artery stenosis with high-resolution CT in comparison with histopathology in an ex vivo study

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Dettmer ◽  
Nicola Glaser-Gallion ◽  
Paul Stolzmann ◽  
Florian Glaser-Gallion ◽  
Juergen Fornaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Coronary Artery Stenosis ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Artery Stenosis ◽  
High Resolution Ct ◽  
Ex Vivo Study

scholarly journals A new method for high-resolution imaging of Ku foci to decipher mechanisms of DNA double-strand break repair

2013 ◽  
Vol 202 (3) ◽  
pp. 579-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sébastien Britton ◽  
Julia Coates ◽  
Stephen P. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Single Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
System Development ◽  
Super Resolution ◽  
Strand Break ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Original Method ◽  
Immune System Development

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the most toxic of all genomic insults, and pathways dealing with their signaling and repair are crucial to prevent cancer and for immune system development. Despite intense investigations, our knowledge of these pathways has been technically limited by our inability to detect the main repair factors at DSBs in cells. In this paper, we present an original method that involves a combination of ribonuclease- and detergent-based preextraction with high-resolution microscopy. This method allows direct visualization of previously hidden repair complexes, including the main DSB sensor Ku, at virtually any type of DSB, including those induced by anticancer agents. We demonstrate its broad range of applications by coupling it to laser microirradiation, super-resolution microscopy, and single-molecule counting to investigate the spatial organization and composition of repair factories. Furthermore, we use our method to monitor DNA repair and identify mechanisms of repair pathway choice, and we show its utility in defining cellular sensitivities and resistance mechanisms to anticancer agents.

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