Cellular Responses to DNA Damage and Human Chromosome Instability Syndromes

1998 ◽  
pp. 395-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
KumKum Khanna ◽  
Richard Gatti ◽  
Patrick Concannon ◽  
Corry M. R. Weemaes ◽  
Merl F. Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Cellular Responses

Cellular Responses to DNA Damage and Human Chromosome Instability Syndromes

2003 ◽  
pp. 395-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
KumKum Khanna ◽  
Richard Gatti ◽  
Patrick Concannon ◽  
Corry M. R. Weemaes ◽  
Merl F. Hoekstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Human Chromosome ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Cellular Responses

scholarly journals The poly(ADP-ribose)-dependent chromatin remodeler Alc1 induces local chromatin relaxation upon DNA damage

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (24) ◽  
pp. 3791-3799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafida Sellou ◽  
Théo Lebeaupin ◽  
Catherine Chapuis ◽  
Rebecca Smith ◽  
Anna Hegele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Dna Lesions ◽  
Fast Kinetics ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Chromatin Relaxation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Laser Microirradiation

Chromatin relaxation is one of the earliest cellular responses to DNA damage. However, what determines these structural changes, including their ATP requirement, is not well understood. Using live-cell imaging and laser microirradiation to induce DNA lesions, we show that the local chromatin relaxation at DNA damage sites is regulated by PARP1 enzymatic activity. We also report that H1 is mobilized at DNA damage sites, but, since this mobilization is largely independent of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, it cannot solely explain the chromatin relaxation. Finally, we demonstrate the involvement of Alc1, a poly(ADP-ribose)- and ATP-dependent remodeler, in the chromatin-relaxation process. Deletion of Alc1 impairs chromatin relaxation after DNA damage, while its overexpression strongly enhances relaxation. Altogether our results identify Alc1 as an important player in the fast kinetics of the NAD+- and ATP-dependent chromatin relaxation upon DNA damage in vivo.

scholarly journals Replication Stress and Telomere Dysfunction Are Present in Cultured Human Embryonic Stem Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Janson ◽  
Kristine Nyhan ◽  
John P. Murnane
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Human Embryonic Stem Cells ◽  
Chromosome Instability ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Replication Stress ◽  
Activin A ◽  
Fragile Sites ◽  
Telomere Dysfunction

Replication stress causes DNA damage at fragile sites in the genome. DNA damage at telomeres can initiate breakage-fusion-bridge cycles and chromosome instability, which can result in replicative senescence or tumor formation. Little is known about the extent of replication stress or telomere dysfunction in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). hESCs are grown in culture with the expectation of being used therapeutically in humans, making it important to minimize the levels of replication stress and telomere dysfunction. Here, the hESC line UCSF4 was cultured in a defined medium with growth factor Activin A, exogenous nucleosides, or DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin. We used quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization to analyze individual telomeres for dysfunction and observed that it can be increased by aphidicolin or Activin A. In contrast, adding exogenous nucleosides relieved dysfunction, suggesting that telomere dysfunction results from replication stress. Whether these findings can be applied to other hESC lines remains to be determined. However, because the loss of telomeres can lead to chromosome instability and cancer, we conclude that hESCs grown in culture for future therapeutic purposes should be routinely checked for replication stress and telomere dysfunction.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of different laser systems to study cellular responses to DNA damage in mammalian cells

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. e68-e68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangduo Kong ◽  
Samarendra K. Mohanty ◽  
Jared Stephens ◽  
Jason T. Heale ◽  
Veronica Gomez-Godinez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Laser Systems

scholarly journals Cellular responses and gene expression profile changes due to bleomycin-induced DNA damage in human fibroblasts in space

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. e0170358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Lu ◽  
Ye Zhang ◽  
Yared Kidane ◽  
Alan Feiveson ◽  
Louis Stodieck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Damage ◽  
Gene Expression Profile ◽  
Expression Profile ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Profile Changes

scholarly journals Deciphering MET‐dependent modulation of global cellular responses to DNA damage by quantitative phosphoproteomics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1185-1206
Author(s):  
Ariel Bensimon ◽  
Jonas P. Koch ◽  
Paola Francica ◽  
Selina M. Roth ◽  
Rahel Riedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Quantitative Phosphoproteomics

The cellular responses to DNA damage

1995 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antony M. Carr ◽  
Merl F. Hoekstra
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Cellular Responses
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