Imaging of Schwann Cells In Vivo

2011 ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
Rahul Kasukurthi ◽  
Terence M. Myckatyn
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells

A novel assay for the in vivo study of Schwann cells

1991 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Kelsch Daniloff
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
In Vivo Study

The neural crest population responding to endothelin-3 in vitro includes multipotent cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (14) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Stone ◽  
L.I. Spirling ◽  
M.K. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Colony Assay ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Endothelin 3

The peptide endothelin 3 (EDN3) is essential for normal neural crest development in vivo, and is a potent mitogen for quail truncal crest cells in vitro. It is not known which subpopulations of crest cells are targets for this response, although it has been suggested that EDN3 is selective for melanoblasts. In the absence of cell markers for different precursor types in the quail crest, we have characterised EDN3-responsive cell types using in vitro colony assay and clonal analysis. Colonies were analysed for the presence of Schwann cells, melanocytes, adrenergic cells or sensory-like cells. We provide for the first time a description of the temporal pattern of lineage segregation in neural crest cultures. In the absence of exogenous EDN3, crest cells proliferate and then differentiate. Colony assay indicates that in these differentiated cultures few undifferentiated precursors remain and there is a low replating efficiency. By contrast, in the presence of 100 ng/ml EDN3 differentiation is inhibited and most of the cells maintain the ability to give rise to mixed colonies and clones containing neural crest derivatives. A high replating efficiency is maintained. In secondary culture there was a progressive decline in the number of cell types per colony in control medium. This loss of developmental potential was not seen when exogenous EDN3 was present. Cell type analysis suggests two novel cellular targets for EDN3 under these conditions. Contrary to expectations, one is a multipotent precursor whose descendants include melanocytes, adrenergic cells and sensory-like cells; the other can give rise to melanocytes and Schwann cells. Our data do not support previous claims that the action of EDN3 in neural crest culture is selective for cells in the melanocyte lineage.

In vitro and in vivo differentiation of boundary cap neural crest stem cells into mature Schwann cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge B. Aquino ◽  
Jens Hjerling-Leffler ◽  
Martin Koltzenburg ◽  
Thomas Edlund ◽  
Marcelo J. Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
In Vivo Differentiation

scholarly journals Neuromuscular Development and Disease: Learning From in vitro and in vivo Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zachary Fralish ◽  
Ethan M. Lotz ◽  
Taylor Chavez ◽  
Alastair Khodabukus ◽  
Nenad Bursac
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Small Animal Models

The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is a specialized cholinergic synaptic interface between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle fiber that translates presynaptic electrical impulses into motor function. NMJ formation and maintenance require tightly regulated signaling and cellular communication among motor neurons, myogenic cells, and Schwann cells. Neuromuscular diseases (NMDs) can result in loss of NMJ function and motor input leading to paralysis or even death. Although small animal models have been instrumental in advancing our understanding of the NMJ structure and function, the complexities of studying this multi-tissue system in vivo and poor clinical outcomes of candidate therapies developed in small animal models has driven the need for in vitro models of functional human NMJ to complement animal studies. In this review, we discuss prevailing models of NMDs and highlight the current progress and ongoing challenges in developing human iPSC-derived (hiPSC) 3D cell culture models of functional NMJs. We first review in vivo development of motor neurons, skeletal muscle, Schwann cells, and the NMJ alongside current methods for directing the differentiation of relevant cell types from hiPSCs. We further compare the efficacy of modeling NMDs in animals and human cell culture systems in the context of five NMDs: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophy, and Pompe disease. Finally, we discuss further work necessary for hiPSC-derived NMJ models to function as effective personalized NMD platforms.

scholarly journals Knockdown of Dock7 <i>in vivo</i> specifically affects myelination by Schwann cells and increases myelin thickness in sciatic nerves without affecting axon thickness

2012 ◽  
Vol 02 (03) ◽  
pp. 210-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro Torii ◽  
Yuki Miyamoto ◽  
Motoshi Nagao ◽  
Naoko Onami ◽  
Hideki Tsumura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Myelin Thickness ◽  
Sciatic Nerves

BMP9 Can Induce Schwann Cells Expressing Simian Virus 40 T Antigen to Differentiate into Fat and Bone In Vivo and In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-116
Author(s):  
Rui-Fang Li ◽  
Guo-Xin Nan ◽  
Dan Wang ◽  
Chang Gao ◽  
Juan Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Simian Virus 40 ◽  
Simian Virus ◽  
T Antigen

scholarly journals Myelin-specific proteins and glycolipids in rat Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes in culture.

1980 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Mirsky ◽  
J Winter ◽  
E R Abney ◽  
R M Pruss ◽  
J Gavrilovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Dorsal Root ◽  
Basic Protein ◽  
Intrinsic Properties ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Explant Cultures ◽  
Specific Proteins

We have used antibodies to identify Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes and to study the expression of myelin-specific glycolipids and proteins in these cells isolated from perinatal rats. Our findings suggest that only Schwann cells which have been induced to myelinate make detectable amounts of galactocerebroside (GC), sulfatide, myelin basic protein (BP), or the major peripheral myelin glycoprotein (P0). When rat Schwann cells were cultured, they stopped making detectable amounts of these myelin molecules, even when the cells were associated with neurites in short-term explant cultures of dorsal root ganglion. In contrast, oligodendrocytes in dissociated cell cultures of neonatal optic nerve, corpus callosum, or cerebellum continued to make GC, sulfatide and BP for many weeks, even in the absence of neurons. These findings suggest that while rat Schwann cells require a continuing signal from appropriate axons to make detectable amounts of myelin-specific glycolipids and proteins, oligodendrocytes do not. Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes also displayed very different morphologies in vitro which appeared to reflect their known differences in myelinating properties in vivo. Since these characteristic morphologies are maintained when Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes were grown together in mixed cultures and in the absence of neurons, we concluded that they are intrinsic properties of these two different myelin-forming cells.

Axonal signalling and the making of olfactory ensheathing cells: a hypothesis

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
KONSTANTIN WEWETZER ◽  
GUDRUN BRANDES
Keyword(s):  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Neurotrophin Receptor ◽  
Olfactory Ensheathing Cells ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Neural Repair ◽  
Ensheathing Cells

Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) are Schwann cell-like glial cells of the olfactory system that promote neural repair under experimental conditions. It is a matter of debate in how far OECs resemble Schwann cells and whether they possess specific properties. Although OECs have been characterized mainly with respect to their regenerative effects after transplantation, both their cellular identity and the regulating factors involved have remained vague. The aim of this article is to define OEC and Schwann-cell identity in molecular terms, and to discuss crucial factors that are involved in determination in vitro and in vivo. Distinct OEC features such as the down-regulation of the low affinity neurotrophin receptor p75NTR by neuronal contact are apparent in vivo under physiological conditions, whereas OECs acquire a Schwann cell-like phenotype and up-regulate p75NTR expression in vitro and following transplantation into the lesioned spinal cord. This might indicate that establishment of the OEC phenotype depends on specific axonal stimuli. In this review we hypothesize that OECs and Schwann cells possess malleable cellular phenotypes that acquire distinct features only upon specific interaction with their natural neuronal partner. This concept is consistent with previous findings in vitro and in vivo, and might be relevant for studies that use OECs and Schwann cells for nervous system repair.

PERIPHERAL NERVE REGENERATION THROUGH NERVE GUIDES FILLED WITH BILOBALIDE AND SCHWANN CELLS

2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (01) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
MING-CHIN LU ◽  
YUNG-HISEN CHANG ◽  
LEIH-CHIH CHIANG ◽  
HAI-TING WANG ◽  
CHUN-YUAN CHENG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Nerve Regeneration ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Nerve Guides ◽  
Growth Promoting

The present study provides in vivo trials of silicone rubber chambers filled with different concentrations of bilobalide (0, 50, 100, 200, 400 μM) and Schwann cells (1.5 × 105 cell/ml) in a 1:1 volumetric addition to bridge a 15 mm sciatic nerve defect in rats. At the conclusion of 8 weeks, histological technique was used to evaluate the functional recovery of the nerve. In the groups receiving the Schwann cells and bilobalide at 50, 100, 200 and 400 μM, 44% (4 of 9, one died during experiment), 50% (5 of 10), 30% (3 of 10), and 60% (6 of 10) of the animals exhibiting a regenerated nerve cable across the 15-mm gap, respectively. In comparison, 50% (5 of 10) of the animals in the group with Schwann cells only showed such regenerated nerve cables. Although the adding of bilobalide did not promote the nerve growth-promoting capability of Schwann cells in the nerve guides, the techniques we used in this study provided a new approach combining Chinese medicine and tissue engineering to nerve regeneration.

scholarly journals Calcitonin gene-related peptide promotes Schwann cell proliferation.

1995 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Cheng ◽  
M Khan ◽  
A W Mudge
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Schwann Cell ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Neutral Endopeptidase ◽  
Calcitonin Gene Related Peptide ◽  
Intracellular Camp ◽  
Related Peptide ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Glial Growth Factor

Schwann cells in culture divide in response to defined mitogens such as PDGF and glial growth factor (GGF), but proliferation is greatly enhanced if agents such as forskolin, which increases Schwann cell intracellular cAMP, are added at the same time as PDGF or GGF (Davis, J. B., and P. Stroobant. 1990. J. Cell Biol. 110:1353-1360). The effect of forskolin is probably due to an increase in numbers of PDGF receptors (Weinmaster, G., and G. Lemke. 1990. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 9:915-920. Neuropeptides and beta-adrenergic agonists have been reported to have no effect on potentiating the mitogenic response of either PDGF or GGF. We show that the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) increases Schwann cell cAMP levels, but the cells rapidly desensitize. We therefore stimulated the cells in pulsatile fashion to partly overcome the effects of desensitization and show that CGRP can synergize with PDGF to stimulate Schwann cell proliferation, and that CGRP is as effective as forskolin in the pulsatile regime. CGRP is a good substrate for the neutral endopeptidase 24.11. Schwann cells in vivo have this protease on their surface, so the action of CGRP could be terminated by this enzyme and desensitization prevented. We therefore suggest that CGRP may play an important role in stimulating Schwann cell proliferation by regulating the response of mitogenic factors such as PDGF.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document