The neural crest population responding to endothelin-3 in vitro includes multipotent cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 110 (14) ◽  
pp. 1673-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Stone ◽  
L.I. Spirling ◽  
M.K. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Colony Assay ◽  
Cellular Targets ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Endothelin 3

The peptide endothelin 3 (EDN3) is essential for normal neural crest development in vivo, and is a potent mitogen for quail truncal crest cells in vitro. It is not known which subpopulations of crest cells are targets for this response, although it has been suggested that EDN3 is selective for melanoblasts. In the absence of cell markers for different precursor types in the quail crest, we have characterised EDN3-responsive cell types using in vitro colony assay and clonal analysis. Colonies were analysed for the presence of Schwann cells, melanocytes, adrenergic cells or sensory-like cells. We provide for the first time a description of the temporal pattern of lineage segregation in neural crest cultures. In the absence of exogenous EDN3, crest cells proliferate and then differentiate. Colony assay indicates that in these differentiated cultures few undifferentiated precursors remain and there is a low replating efficiency. By contrast, in the presence of 100 ng/ml EDN3 differentiation is inhibited and most of the cells maintain the ability to give rise to mixed colonies and clones containing neural crest derivatives. A high replating efficiency is maintained. In secondary culture there was a progressive decline in the number of cell types per colony in control medium. This loss of developmental potential was not seen when exogenous EDN3 was present. Cell type analysis suggests two novel cellular targets for EDN3 under these conditions. Contrary to expectations, one is a multipotent precursor whose descendants include melanocytes, adrenergic cells and sensory-like cells; the other can give rise to melanocytes and Schwann cells. Our data do not support previous claims that the action of EDN3 in neural crest culture is selective for cells in the melanocyte lineage.

In vitro and in vivo differentiation of boundary cap neural crest stem cells into mature Schwann cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 198 (2) ◽  
pp. 438-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge B. Aquino ◽  
Jens Hjerling-Leffler ◽  
Martin Koltzenburg ◽  
Thomas Edlund ◽  
Marcelo J. Villar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
In Vivo Differentiation

Common precursors for neural and mesectodermal derivatives in the cephalic neural crest

Development ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Baroffio ◽  
E. Dupin ◽  
N.M. Le Douarin
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Pigment Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Population ◽  
Multipotent Cells ◽  
Clonal Cultures ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos ◽  
Derivatives Of

The cephalic neural crest (NC) of vertebrate embryos yields a variety of cell types belonging to the neuronal, glial, melanocytic and mesectodermal lineages. Using clonal cultures of quail migrating cephalic NC cells, we demonstrated that neurons and glial cells of the peripheral nervous system can originate from the same progenitors as cartilage, one of the mesectodermal derivatives of the NC. Moreover, we obtained evidence that the migrating cephalic NC contains a few highly multipotent precursors that are common to neurons, glia, cartilage and pigment cells and which we interprete as representative of a stem cell population. In contrast, other NC cells, although provided with identical culture conditions, give rise to clones composed of only one or some of these cell types. These cells thus appear restricted in their developmental potentialities compared to multipotent cells. It is therefore proposed that, in vivo, the active proliferation of pluripotent NC cells during the migration process generates distinct subpopulations of cells that become progressively committed to different developmental fates.

scholarly journals SOX10: 20 years of phenotypic plurality and current understanding of its developmental function

2021 ◽  
pp. jmedgenet-2021-108105
Author(s):  
Veronique Pingault ◽  
Lisa Zerad ◽  
William Bertani-Torres ◽  
Nadege Bondurand
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Phenotypic Variability ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Syndrome Type ◽  
Waardenburg Syndrome

SOX10 belongs to a family of 20 SRY (sex-determining region Y)-related high mobility group box-containing (SOX) proteins, most of which contribute to cell type specification and differentiation of various lineages. The first clue that SOX10 is essential for development, especially in the neural crest, came with the discovery that heterozygous mutations occurring within and around SOX10 cause Waardenburg syndrome type 4. Since then, heterozygous mutations have been reported in Waardenburg syndrome type 2 (Waardenburg syndrome type without Hirschsprung disease), PCWH or PCW (peripheral demyelinating neuropathy, central dysmyelination, Waardenburg syndrome, with or without Hirschsprung disease), intestinal manifestations beyond Hirschsprung (ie, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction), Kallmann syndrome and cancer. All of these diseases are consistent with the regulatory role of SOX10 in various neural crest derivatives (melanocytes, the enteric nervous system, Schwann cells and olfactory ensheathing cells) and extraneural crest tissues (inner ear, oligodendrocytes). The recent evolution of medical practice in constitutional genetics has led to the identification of SOX10 variants in atypical contexts, such as isolated hearing loss or neurodevelopmental disorders, making them more difficult to classify in the absence of both a typical phenotype and specific expertise. Here, we report novel mutations and review those that have already been published and their functional consequences, along with current understanding of SOX10 function in the affected cell types identified through in vivo and in vitro models. We also discuss research options to increase our understanding of the origin of the observed phenotypic variability and improve the diagnosis and medical care of affected patients.

scholarly journals PuraMatrix allows differentiation of a broad repertoire of neural and mesenchymal phenotypes from trunk neural crest

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (7-8-9) ◽  
pp. 433-443
Author(s):  
Clarissa R. Taufer ◽  
Monica A. Rodrigues-Da-Silva ◽  
Giordano W. Calloni
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Mesenchymal Differentiation ◽  
Trunk Neural Crest ◽  
And Control

The neural crest (NC) is a transitory embryonic structure of vertebrates that gives rise to an astonishing variety of derivatives, encompassing both neural and mesenchymal cell types. Neural crest cells (NCCs) are an excellent model to study how environmental factors modulate features such as cell multipotentiality and differentiation. Tests with multifunctional substrates that allow NCCs to express their full potential, while promoting cell subcloning, are needed to advance knowledge about NCC self-renewal and to foster future biotechnological approaches. Here we show that a self-assembled peptide named PuraMatrixTM is an excellent substrate that allows the differentiation of NCCs based on the identification of seven different cell types. Depending on the PuraMatrixTM concentration employed, different frequencies and quantities of a given cell type were obtained. It is noteworthy that an enormous quantity and diversity of mesenchymal phenotypes, such as chondrocytes, could be observed. The quantity of adipocytes and osteocytes also increased with the use of mesenchymal differentiation factors (MDF), but PuraMatrixTM alone can support the appearance of these mesenchymal cell types. PuraMatrixTM will promote advances in studies related to multipotentiality, self-renewal and control of NCC differentiation, since it is an extremely simple and versatile material which can be employed for both in vivo and in vitro experiments.

scholarly journals Glucocorticoids impair oocyte competence and trigger apoptosis of ovarian cells via activating the TNF-α system

Reproduction ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Jie Yuan ◽  
Zhi-Bin Li ◽  
Xin-Yue Zhao ◽  
Guang-Yi Sun ◽  
Guo-Liang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
Oocyte Competence ◽  
Ovarian Cells ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Apoptotic Effects

Mechanisms by which female stress and particularly glucocorticoids impair oocyte competence are largely unclear. Although one study demonstrated that glucocorticoids triggered apoptosis in ovarian cells and oocytes by activating the FasL/Fas system, other studies suggested that they might induce apoptosis through activating other signaling pathways as well. In this study, both in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that glucocorticoids might trigger apoptosis in oocytes and ovarian cells through activating the TNF-α system. The results showed that cortisol injection of female mice (1.) impaired oocyte developmental potential and mitochondrial membrane potential with increased oxidative stress; (2.) induced apoptosis in mural granulosa cells (MGCs) with increased oxidative stress in the ovary; and (3.) activated the TNF-α system in both ovaries and oocytes. Culture with corticosterone induced apoptosis and activated the TNF-α system in MGCs. Knockdown or knockout of TNF-α significantly ameliorated the pro-apoptotic effects of glucocorticoids on oocytes and MGCs. However, culture with corticosterone downregulated TNF-α expression significantly in oviductal epithelial cells. Together, the results demonstrated that glucocorticoids impaired oocyte competence and triggered apoptosis in ovarian cells through activating the TNF-α system and that the effect of glucocorticoids on TNF-α expression might vary between cell types.

scholarly journals The neural crest stem cells: control of neural crest cell fate and plasticity by endothelin-3

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELISABETH DUPIN ◽  
CARLA REAL ◽  
NICOLE LeDOUARIN
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Neural Crest Cell ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
The Body ◽  
Neural Crest Stem Cells ◽  
Environmental Signals

How the considerable diversity of neural crest (NC)-derived cell types arises in the vertebrate embryo has long been a key question in developmental biology. The pluripotency and plasticity of differentiation of the NC cell population has been fully documented and it is well-established that environmental cues play an important role in patterning the NC derivatives throughout the body. Over the past decade, in vivo and in vitro cellular approaches have unravelled the differentiation potentialities of single NC cells and led to the discovery of NC stem cells. Although it is clear that the final fate of individual cells is in agreement with their final position within the embryo, it has to be stressed that the NC cells that reach target sites are pluripotent and further restrictions occur only late in development. It is therefore a heterogenous collection of cells that is submitted to local environmental signals in the various NC-derived structures. Several factors were thus identified which favor the development of subsets of NC-derived cells in vitro. Moreover, the strategy of gene targeting in mouse has led at identifying new molecules able to control one or several aspects of NC cell differentiation in vivo. Endothelin peptides (and endothelin receptors) are among those. The conjunction of recent data obtained in mouse and avian embryos and reviewed here contributes to a better understanding of the action of the endothelin signaling pathway in the emergence and stability of NC-derived cell phenotypes.

scholarly journals Shaping axial identity during human pluripotent stem cell differentiation to neural crest cells

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fay Cooper ◽  
Anestis Tsakiridis
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Origins ◽  
Human Pluripotent Stem Cell ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Distinct Cell

The neural crest (NC) is a multipotent cell population which can give rise to a vast array of derivatives including neurons and glia of the peripheral nervous system, cartilage, cardiac smooth muscle, melanocytes and sympathoadrenal cells. An attractive strategy to model human NC development and associated birth defects as well as produce clinically relevant cell populations for regenerative medicine applications involves the in vitro generation of NC from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, in vivo, the potential of NC cells to generate distinct cell types is determined by their position along the anteroposterior (A–P) axis and, therefore the axial identity of hPSC-derived NC cells is an important aspect to consider. Recent advances in understanding the developmental origins of NC and the signalling pathways involved in its specification have aided the in vitro generation of human NC cells which are representative of various A–P positions. Here, we explore recent advances in methodologies of in vitro NC specification and axis patterning using hPSCs.

2 THE IN VIVO DEVELOPMENTAL POTENTIAL OF PORCINE SKIN-DERIVED PROGENITORS

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Zhao ◽  
X. Yang ◽  
K. Lee ◽  
J. Mao ◽  
J. M. Teson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Germ Layers ◽  
Developmental Potential

Skin-derived progenitors (SKP) are capable of generating both neural and mesodermal progeny in vitro: neurons, Schwann cells, adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes, thus exhibiting characteristics similar to embryonic neural crest stem cells. SKP show distinct transcriptional profiles when compared with neurospheres/neural stem cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and skin-derived fibroblasts, indicating a novel type of multipotent stem cell derived from the dermis of the skin. However, it remains unclear whether SKP cells can produce ectoderm and mesoderm lineages or other germ layers in vivo, although oocyte-like structures can be induced from porcine SKP in vitro. Embryonic chimeras are a well-established tool for investigating cell lineage determination and cell potency through normal embryonic development. Thus the purpose of this study was to investigate the in vivo developmental potential of porcine SKP by chimera production. Porcine SKP cells and fibroblasts were isolated from the back skin of Day 35 to 50 GFP transgenic fetuses. Individual cells or clusters of male GFP transgenic SKP and skin-derived GFP-expressing fibroblasts were injected into pre-compact in vitro-fertilized (IVF) embryos, respectively and then transferred into corresponding surrogates 24 h post-injection. Additional injected embryos were cultured in PZM3 medium for another 2 days until the blastocyst stage and subsequently stained with Hoechst 33342. Interestingly, in some of the chimeras the injected SKP cells migrated and dispersed into different locations of the host blastocysts, whereas in others they remained as a cluster of cells within the chimeric blastocysts. In contrast, the fibroblast cells were not observed to spread around the host blastocysts. Two chimeric fetuses were recovered at the middle of gestation and a litter of viable piglets was born. Genomic DNA was extracted from various tissues of chimeric piglets and subjected to PCR amplification. Two chimeric fetuses and 2 out of 6 piglets carried the GFP transgene in SKP-derived chimeras, but GFP was not present in the fibroblast-derived chimeric fetuses (n = 6). Surprisingly, the GFP transgene was present in various tissues of two SKP-derived chimeric piglets, including lung, heart, liver, artery, kidney, brain, skin, muscle, gut, ovary, pancreas and stomach, thus representing the 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm). In addition, SRY was detected in several tissues of the two GFP-positive female chimeric piglets, confirming the chimerism of these piglets. Therefore, it appears that porcine SKP can contribute to various cell types of the 3 germ layers and have a broader developmental potency than previously expected. Alternatively, pre-compact (4-cell and 8-cell stage) embryos may provide a unique environment for reprogramming skin-derived progenitors into a more primitive state by the process of embryonic compaction. This study was funded by NIH National Center for Research Resources (R01RR013438) and Food for the 21st Century at the University of Missouri.

scholarly journals ADAR1 mediated regulation of neural crest derived melanocytes and Schwann cell development

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadjet Gacem ◽  
Anthula Kavo ◽  
Lisa Zerad ◽  
Laurence Richard ◽  
Stephane Mathis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Peripheral Nerves ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Interferon Stimulated Genes ◽  
Conditional Deletion ◽  
Neural Crest Development ◽  
Numerous Cell ◽  
Schwann Cell Development

AbstractThe neural crest gives rise to numerous cell types, dysfunction of which contributes to many disorders. Here, we report that adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1), responsible for adenosine-to-inosine editing of RNA, is required for regulating the development of two neural crest derivatives: melanocytes and Schwann cells. Neural crest specific conditional deletion of Adar1 in mice leads to global depigmentation and absence of myelin from peripheral nerves, resulting from alterations in melanocyte survival and differentiation of Schwann cells, respectively. Upregulation of interferon stimulated genes precedes these defects, which are associated with the triggering of a signature resembling response to injury in peripheral nerves. Simultaneous extinction of MDA5, a key sensor of unedited RNA, rescues both melanocytes and myelin defects in vitro, suggesting that ADAR1 safeguards neural crest derivatives from aberrant MDA5-mediated interferon production. We thus extend the landscape of ADAR1 function to the fields of neural crest development and disease.

scholarly journals Statistical evidence for a random commitment of pluripotent cephalic neural crest cells

1992 ◽  
Vol 103 (2) ◽  
pp. 581-587
Author(s):  
A. Baroffio ◽  
M. Blot
Keyword(s):  
Neural Crest ◽  
Schwann Cells ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Neural Cell ◽  
Pluripotent Cells ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos ◽  
Stochastic Restrictions ◽  
And Cartilage

The neural crest (NC) of vertebrate embryos yields cell types belonging to the neural, melanocytic and mesectodermal lineages. To test the possibility that the precursors of these lineages segregate from pluripotent cells by a process involving stochastic determinants, we have analyzed with statistical methods the associations between six differentiated cell types in 201 clones obtained in vitro from migrating cephalic NC cells. Our analysis suggests that neuronal, adrenergic and Schwann cells are not randomly associated, whereas these neural cell types differentiate in the clones independently of both melanocytes and cartilage. These results raise the possibility that pluripotent NC progenitors give rise to the precursors of the major NC-derived lineages (neural, melanocytic and mesectodermal) by a process involving stochastic restrictions of their developmental potentialities.

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