Use of Viral Systems to Study miRNA-Mediated Regulation of Gene Expression in Human Cells

2012 ◽  
pp. 143-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleonora Forte ◽  
Micah A. Luftig
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Human Cells

scholarly journals Regulation of gene expression by translation factor eIF5A: Hypusine-modified eIF5A enhances nonsense-mediated mRNA decay in human cells

Translation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. e1366294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mainul Hoque ◽  
Ji Yeon Park ◽  
Yun-juan Chang ◽  
Augusto D. Luchessi ◽  
Tavane D. Cambiaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Decay ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Translation Factor ◽  
Nonsense Mediated Mrna Decay

scholarly journals Engineering improved Cas13 effectors for targeted post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeric J Charles ◽  
Shin Eui Kim ◽  
Gavin J Knott ◽  
Dylan Smock ◽  
Jennifer Doudna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Directed Evolution ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Exon Skipping ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Rna Targeting

Cas13 is a family of unique RNA-targeting CRISPR-Cas effectors, making it an appealing tool for probing and perturbing RNA function. However only a few Cas13 homologs have been shown to mediate robust RNA targeting in human cells, suggesting that unknown elements may be limiting their efficacy. Furthermore, many Cas13 enzymes show high degrees of toxicity upon targeting and have not been shown to mediate specific knockdown in other cell types such as E. coli. Here, we show that catalytically inactive Cas13 enzymes can be repurposed for efficient translational repression in bacteria with no associated growth defects. To achieve this advance, we carried out a directed evolution screen to engineer functional Cas13a variants, and identified a number of stabilizing mutations, which enabled efficient post transcriptional knockdown of gene expression. In vitro characterization of the resulting engineered Lbu Cas13a mutant, termed eLbu, revealed both stabilization and altered cleavage kinetics. Finally, we show that eLbu can be used for efficient exon skipping in human cells. This work represents the first demonstration of targeted translational repression in E. coli using a CRISPR enzyme, as well as the first directed evolution of a Cas13a enzyme. Such a platform could allow for engineering other aspects of this protein family to obtain more robust RNA targeting tools.

Epigenetic mechanisms of peptidergic regulation of gene expression during aging of human cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 310-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. V. Ashapkin ◽  
N. S. Linkova ◽  
V. Kh. Khavinson ◽  
B. F. Vanyushin
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

scholarly journals IL PUNTO DI VISTA DI UN REGOLATORE EPIGENETICO DELL’ESPRESSIONE GENICA, COMUNE A UOMO E PIANTE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Mantovani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factor ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Neoplastic Transformation ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Expression Systems ◽  
The Third ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Ccaat Box

The regulation of gene expression is at the heart of all the fundamental processes of living organisms. It is controlled by Transcriptional Factors which, by binding to specific DNA sequences of genomes, recruit protein machineries that modify the organization of chromatin (epigenetics). Our studies are focused on the NF-Y trimeric transcription factor, a crucial activator of gene expression in all eukaryotes. Two subunits have a structure similar to histones, the basic elements of chromatin, the third -NF-YA- confers specificity to the CCAAT box. I will illustrate how regulation of NF-Y complexes is important for two completely different gene expression systems: the neoplastic transformation of human cells, and the development of flowers in plants.

Linking transcription, RNA polymerase II elongation and alternative splicing

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (16) ◽  
pp. 3091-3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana E. Giono ◽  
Alberto R. Kornblihtt
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Alternative Splicing ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Transcription Elongation ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Eukaryotic Transcription

Gene expression is an intricately regulated process that is at the basis of cell differentiation, the maintenance of cell identity and the cellular responses to environmental changes. Alternative splicing, the process by which multiple functionally distinct transcripts are generated from a single gene, is one of the main mechanisms that contribute to expand the coding capacity of genomes and help explain the level of complexity achieved by higher organisms. Eukaryotic transcription is subject to multiple layers of regulation both intrinsic — such as promoter structure — and dynamic, allowing the cell to respond to internal and external signals. Similarly, alternative splicing choices are affected by all of these aspects, mainly through the regulation of transcription elongation, making it a regulatory knob on a par with the regulation of gene expression levels. This review aims to recapitulate some of the history and stepping-stones that led to the paradigms held today about transcription and splicing regulation, with major focus on transcription elongation and its effect on alternative splicing.

Regulation of gene expression by TR and CREB: a binding and competition contract

2006 ◽  
Vol 114 (S 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Weitzel ◽  
A Wulf ◽  
M Rajkovic ◽  
HJ Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression
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