The Influence of Clouds on Solar and Longwave Radiation in China

1987 ◽  
pp. 426-432
Author(s):  
Lu Yurong ◽  
Gao Guodong ◽  
Jiang Zhihong ◽  
Chen Aiyu ◽  
Wu Biwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longwave Radiation

Evaluation of shortwave and longwave radiation models for mechanistic-empirical pavement analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Shafkat Alam-Khan ◽  
Bora Cetin ◽  
Barton A. Forman ◽  
M. Emin Kutay ◽  
Stephan Durham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longwave Radiation

scholarly journals Estimating the Earth’s Outgoing Longwave Radiation Measured from a Moon-Based Platform

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2201
Author(s):  
Hanlin Ye ◽  
Huadong Guo ◽  
Guang Liu ◽  
Jinsong Ping ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outgoing Longwave Radiation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Earth Observation ◽  
Artificial Satellites ◽  
Earth Observations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Observation Geometry ◽  
Global Mean

Moon-based Earth observations have attracted significant attention across many large-scale phenomena. As the only natural satellite of the Earth, and having a stable lunar surface as well as a particular orbit, Moon-based Earth observations allow the Earth to be viewed as a single point. Furthermore, in contrast with artificial satellites, the varied inclination of Moon-based observations can improve angular samplings of specific locations on Earth. However, the potential for estimating the global outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) from the Earth with such a platform has not yet been fully explored. To evaluate the possibility of calculating OLR using specific Earth observation geometry, we constructed a model to estimate Moon-based OLR measurements and investigated the potential of a Moon-based platform to acquire the necessary data to estimate global mean OLR. The primary method of our study is the discretization of the observational scope into various elements and the consequent integration of the OLR of all elements. Our results indicate that a Moon-based platform is suitable for global sampling related to the calculation of global mean OLR. By separating the geometric and anisotropic factors from the measurement calculations, we ensured that measured values include the effects of the Moon-based Earth observation geometry and the anisotropy of the scenes in the observational scope. Although our results indicate that higher measured values can be achieved if the platform is located near the center of the lunar disk, a maximum difference between locations of approximately 9 × 10−4 W m−2 indicates that the effect of location is too small to remarkably improve observation performance of the platform. In conclusion, our analysis demonstrates that a Moon-based platform has the potential to provide continuous, adequate, and long-term data for estimating global mean OLR.

scholarly journals The relevance of mid-Holocene Arctic warming to the future

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1375-1394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Yoshimori ◽  
Marina Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
General Circulation ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
General Circulation Models ◽  
Cross Model ◽  
Arctic Warming ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
Arctic Climate Change

Abstract. There remain substantial uncertainties in future projections of Arctic climate change. There is a potential to constrain these uncertainties using a combination of paleoclimate simulations and proxy data, but such a constraint must be accompanied by physical understanding on the connection between past and future simulations. Here, we examine the relevance of an Arctic warming mechanism in the mid-Holocene (MH) to the future with emphasis on process understanding. We conducted a surface energy balance analysis on 10 atmosphere and ocean general circulation models under the MH and future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario forcings. It is found that many of the dominant processes that amplify Arctic warming over the ocean from late autumn to early winter are common between the two periods, despite the difference in the source of the forcing (insolation vs. greenhouse gases). The positive albedo feedback in summer results in an increase in oceanic heat release in the colder season when the atmospheric stratification is strong, and an increased greenhouse effect from clouds helps amplify the warming during the season with small insolation. The seasonal progress was elucidated by the decomposition of the factors associated with sea surface temperature, ice concentration, and ice surface temperature changes. We also quantified the contribution of individual components to the inter-model variance in the surface temperature changes. The downward clear-sky longwave radiation is one of major contributors to the model spread throughout the year. Other controlling terms for the model spread vary with the season, but they are similar between the MH and the future in each season. This result suggests that the MH Arctic change may not be analogous to the future in some seasons when the temperature response differs, but it is still useful to constrain the model spread in the future Arctic projection. The cross-model correlation suggests that the feedbacks in preceding seasons should not be overlooked when determining constraints, particularly summer sea ice cover for the constraint of autumn–winter surface temperature response.

scholarly journals On the Suitability of Current Atmospheric Reanalyses for Regional Warming Studies over China

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunlüe Zhou ◽  
Yanyi He ◽  
Kaicun Wang
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Surface Air Temperature ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Precipitation Frequency ◽  
Regional Warming ◽  
Downward Longwave Radiation ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract. Reanalyses have been widely used because they add value to the routine observations by generating physically/dynamically consistent and spatiotemporally complete atmospheric fields. Existing studies have extensively discussed their temporal suitability in global change study. This study moves forward on their suitability for regional climate change study where land–atmosphere interactions play a more important role. Here, surface air temperature (Ta) from 12 current reanalysis products were investigated, focusing on spatial patterns of Ta trends, using homogenized Ta from 1979 to 2010 at ~ 2200 meteorological stations in China. Results show that ~ 80 % of the Ta mean differences between reanalyses and in-situ observations are attributed to station and model-grid elevation differences, denoting good skill in Ta climatology and rebutting the previously reported Ta biases. However, the Ta trend biases in reanalyses display spatial divergence (standard deviation = 0.15–0.30 °C/decade at 1° × 1° grids). The simulated Ta trend biases correlate well with those of precipitation frequency, surface incident solar radiation (Rs), and atmospheric downward longwave radiation (Ld) among the reanalyses (r = −0.83, 0.80 and 0.77, p 

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