scholarly journals The Impact of Planning Reform on Water-Related Heritage Values and on Recalling Collective Maritime Identity of Port Cities: The Case of Rotterdam

2019 ◽  
pp. 344-361
Author(s):  
Azadeh Arjomand Kermani ◽  
Wout van der Toorn Vrijthoff ◽  
Arash Salek
Keyword(s):  
Port Cities ◽  
The Impact

Disaster impacts in a port-city; learning from Beirut's  Port explosion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steluta topalov
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Residential Units ◽  
The Impact

<p>On 4 august 2020, one of the biggest non-nuclear explosions the world has seen in recent times took place in the Port of Beirut. Caused by the detonation of 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate, inadequate stored in a warehouse in the port, the blast destroyed much of the city’s port and the surrounding infrastructure and severly  damaged the dense residential and commercial areas within 5 km of the explosion site. The impact of the explosion, which registered as a 3.3 magnitude earthquake according to the U.S. Geological Survey, was felt as far away as the island of Cyprus.</p><p>Athough the event was an technological hazard, the impact of the explosion is similar to a standardised natural disaster.</p><p>According to UNDP, a total of 200 000 residential units were affected with an estimated of 40 000 buildings damaged; 200 people lost their lives, around 6 000 individuals were injuried and around 300 000 people were displaced.</p><p>Such figure are comparable to other large-scale disasters such as Cyclone Vayu in India, which occured in June 2019 or the displacement caused by the Typhoon Vongfong, in the Philippines.</p><p>The frequent increase of the natural disasters  puts pressure on the critical infrastructure of the cities. The disruption of the transportation system,  which is vital for the sustainable daily operations, are having a big impact on the economical, enviromental and social dimension of a city system. Among the various types of transportation system, ports are a focal point because of its strategic role for the economic growth of cities,regions and  global network. In addition, they are nodal points for the social and economical activity of the inhabitants.</p><p>Although the ports have played a key role in the development of their host cities, they are also vulnerable to a broad range of risks and threats because of a particular spatial character: the location at the intersection of land and sea.  </p><p>The study of the Beirut’s Port explosion examines the impact of port failures on the host urban enviroment and the relationship between hazards, vulnerability and the impact. The vulnerability of the port to disasters results  to the vulnerability of its host city. A context –based understanding  of the impact of the disaster and the elements at risk is essential to identify appropriate risk management strategies. The location of the port within the urban environment, in densely populated area, as in case of Beirut are some of the characteristics of the port cities that can magnify the impact of disasters to which they are prone.  The study will focus on a collection of data that records the impact and allows visualisation of the complex patterns of the disaster risk reduction.</p><p>The impact caused by the Beirut’s port explosion reminds us about the important role of the ports in their host cities and how fundamental is to identify the port’s infrastructure  exposure to hazards and risks.  Lessons learned from such event may be useful to reduce disaster risks in the port cities.</p>

scholarly journals Using big data to estimate the impact of cruise activity on congestion in port cities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustina Calatayud ◽  
Santiago Sánchez González ◽  
Jose Maria Marquez
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Transportation System and Trade Flows in Port Cities of China: A Random Coefficient Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 289-300
Author(s):  
Lizhi Xu ◽  
Shu-Cherng Fang ◽  
Kin Keung Lai ◽  
Han Qiao ◽  
Shouyang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Transportation System ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Trade Competitiveness ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper quantitatively investigates the effect of transportation system on trade flows of four major port cities in China. Due to the significant country-pair heterogeneities in both intercept and slope terms, this paper introduced a random-coefficients model for parameters estimation. The empirical findings imply that the impact of the explanatory variables included in the gravity equation could be inaccurately estimated if the pair-wise heterogeneity biases in both intercept and slope terms are not accounted for during the econometric estimation of the model. In particular, in the presence of this heterogeneity, parameter estimates tend to be underestimated for country-pairs with higher trade volume and overestimated for those country-pairs with lower trade volume. In addition, the empirical results suggest that the improvement transportation system in port cities of China offers greater scope for its trade competitiveness.

scholarly journals Smart technologies for decision-support in the management of environmental safety of transportation in big port cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
О.В. Ложкина ◽  
Г.Г. Рогозинский ◽  
В.Н. Ложкин ◽  
И.Г. Малыгин ◽  
В.И. Комашинский
Keyword(s):  
Decision Support ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Systems ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Intelligent Transport System ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Цель настоящей работы заключалась в разработке основ обеспечения экологически устойчивого развития транспортных систем городов-портов на базе инновационных наукоемких информационных и коммуникационных технологий на примере разработки расчетного метода мониторинга и прогнозирования негативного воздействия выбросов автотранспорта, морских и речных судов на качество воздушной среды. В статье представлена информационная технология поддержки принятия решений на основе модифицированной мультидоменной инфокоммуникационной модели и иерархической модели, позволяющая описать взаимодействие объектов физического, информационного (кибернетического) и когнитивного уровней в области экологического мониторинга и прогнозирования воздействия автомобильного и водного транспорта через набор унифицированных терминов. Эффективность предложенного подхода проиллюстрирована разработкой расчетной модели контроля и прогнозирования загрязнения атмосферного воздуха в зонах одновременного воздействия автомобильного и водного транспорта в крупных портовых городах, таких как Санкт-Петербург, Владивосток и Севастополь. Модель выстраивалась по принципу иерархичности: индивидуальные транспортные средства, образуемые ими площадные (например, совокупность судов в порту) и линейные (автотранспортные потоки) источники выбросов на локальной городской территории (микрорайон или район города) или в городе в целом. Подобная модель может быть интегрирована в виде экологического блока в городскую интеллектуальную транспортную систему для проведения расчетного мониторинга и прогнозирования качества воздуха, что особенно актуально в крупных городах с развитой мультимодальной транспортной инфраструктурой и высокой транспортной нагрузкой. The presented research focuses on developing the foundations for ensuring the environmentally sustainable development of transport systems of port cities based on innovative high-tech information and communication technologies, using the example of developing a calculation method for monitoring and predicting the negative impact of emissions from vehicles, sea and river vessels on the quality of the air environment. The paper presents the information technology for decision support based on a modified multi-domain infocommunications model and hierarchical model, which allows to describe the interaction of physical, informational (cybernetic) and cognitive levels in the field of environmental monitoring and forecasting the impact of automobile and water transport through a set of unified terms. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is illustrated by the development of a calculation model for monitoring and predicting atmospheric air pollution in areas of simultaneous impact of road and water transport in large port cities such as St. Petersburg, Vladivostok and Sevastopol. The model features hierarchical approach: individual vehicles and vessels, corresponding areal (e.g. ships in the port) and linear (transport flows) emission sources in a local urban area (a city block or a city district) or in the city as a whole. Such a model can be integrated as an environmental block into the city intelligent transport system for the monitoring and forecasting of air quality, this is especially important in large cities with a developed multimodal transport infrastructure and high traffic.

scholarly journals RIO DE JANEIRO AND THE SILVER MINING ECONOMY OF POTOSI: TRANS-IMPERIAL, GLOBAL, AND CONTRACTUAL APPROACHES TO SOUTH ATLANTIC MARKETS (18TH CENTURY)

Almanack ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bohorquez
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
South Atlantic ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Domestic Markets ◽  
Urban Political Economy ◽  
La Plata Basin ◽  
Silver Mining ◽  
Spanish Atlantic ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This paper’s main goal is to advance some considerations on the interrelations between port cities and capital. More specifically, it sheds light on how these interdependencies took place in the eighteenth-century Portuguese and Spanish Atlantic world. This paper thus seeks to draw an urban political economy in transimperial, global, and contractual perspectives. For so doing, particular attention will be put to Rio de Janeiro’s projection far beyond the South Atlantic, and in particular, its interconnections with the Rio de la Plata basin and Potosi markets. Attention will also be paid to the impact of and repercussions that far-flung economic phenomena had for the urban domestic markets.

scholarly journals Free and Unfree Labor in Atlantic and Indian Ocean Port Cities (Seventeenth–Nineteenth Centuries)

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (S27) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pepijn Brandon ◽  
Niklas Frykman ◽  
Pernille Røge
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Labor History ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Capitalism ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Port Cities ◽  
Unfree Labor ◽  
The Impact

AbstractColonial and postcolonial port cities in the Atlantic and Indian Ocean regions functioned as crucial hubs in the commodity flows that accompanied the emergence and expansion of global capitalism. They did so by bringing together laboring populations of many different backgrounds and statuses – legally free or semi-free wage laborers, soldiers, sailors, and the self-employed, indentured servants, convicts, and slaves. Focusing on the period from the seventeenth to the mid-nineteenth centuries, a crucial moment in the establishment of the world market, the transformation of colonial states, and the reorganization of labor and labor migration on a transoceanic scale, the contributions in this special issue address the consequences of the presence of these “motley crews” on and around the docks and the neighborhoods that stretched behind them. The introduction places the articles within the context of the development of the field of Global Labor History more generally. It argues that the dense daily interaction that took place in port cities makes them an ideal vantage point from which to investigate the consequences of the “simultaneity” of different labor relations for questions such as the organization of the work process under developing capitalism, the emergence of new forms of social control, the impact of forced and free migration on class formation, and the role of social diversity in shaping different forms of group and class solidarity. The introduction also discusses the significance of the articles presented in this special issue for three prevailing but problematic dichotomies in labor historiography: the sharp borders drawn between so-called free and unfree labor, between the Atlantic and the Indian oceans, and the pre-modern and modern eras.

Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 415-418
Author(s):  
K. P. Stanyukovich ◽  
V. A. Bronshten
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Charge ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Meteorite Impacts ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Lunar Craters ◽  
The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 169-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Lunar Surface ◽  
Probable Mechanism ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lunar Exploration ◽  
Geological Model ◽  
Apply Geophysics ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duncan Steel
Keyword(s):  
Probability Distributions ◽  
Regions Of Interest ◽  
Significant Fraction ◽  
Organic Chemicals ◽  
Impact Speed ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document