Snow and Ice Melt Contribution in the Daily Discharge of Langtang and Modi Rivers, Nepal

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijan Bhakta Kayastha ◽  
Ahuti Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Ice Melt ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

scholarly journals Implementation of a process-based catchment model in a poorly gauged, highly glacierized Himalayan headwater

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1339 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Konz ◽  
S. Uhlenbrook ◽  
L. Braun ◽  
A. Shrestha ◽  
S. Demuth
Keyword(s):  
Model Simulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Index Method ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Catchment Modeling ◽  
Daily Discharge ◽  
Hbv Model ◽  
Catchment Model ◽  
Snow And Ice

Abstract. The paper presents a catchment modeling approach for remote glacierized Himalayan catchments. The distributed catchment model TACD, which is widely based on the HBV model, was further developed for the application in highly glacierized catchments on a daily timestep and applied to the Nepalese Himalayan headwater Langtang Khola (360 km2). Low laying reference stations are taken for temperature extrapolation applying a second order polynomial function. Probability based statistical methods enable bridging data gaps in daily precipitation time series and the redistribution of cumulated precipitation sums over the previous days. Snow and ice melt was calculated in a distributed way based on the temperature-index method employing calculated daily potential sunshine durations. Different melting conditions of snow and ice and melting of ice under debris layers were considered. The spatial delineation of hydrological response units was achieved by taking topographic and physiographic information from maps and satellite images into account, and enabled to incorporate process knowledge into the model. Simulation results demonstrated that the model is able to simulate daily discharge for a period of 10 years and point glacier mass balances observed in the research area with an adequate reliability. The simple but robust data pre-processing and modeling approach enables the determination of the components of the water balance of a remote, data scarce catchment with a minimum of input data.

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of climate on snow- and ice-melt dynamics in the Taillon basin, French Pyrénées

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (145) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Hannah ◽  
Glenn R. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

AbstractThis pilot study adopts a computer-assisted synoptic typing methodology to evaluate the totality of climatic influences on snow- and ice-melt dynamics within a small cirque basin in the French Pyrénées. The synoptic categories identified possess contrasting large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and surface energy budgets which generate differential ablation responses. Continental air masses yield consistently high melt. Advection of moist maritime air also produces elevated but more variable ablation due to air-mass transitions. The two observed local valley circulation types show melt to be higher under nocturnal katabatic drainage than for anabatic wind flows associated with development of daytime ridge-top cumulus.

scholarly journals Scenario approach for the seasonal forecast of Kharif flows from Upper Indus Basin

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fraz Ismail ◽  
Wolfgang Bogacki
Keyword(s):  
Water Availability ◽  
Indus Basin ◽  
Flow Volume ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Upper Indus Basin ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Degree Day ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

Abstract. Snow and glacial melt runoff are the major sources of water contribution from the high mountainous terrain of Indus river upstream of the Tarbela reservoir. A reliable forecast of seasonal water availability for the Kharif cropping season (April–September) can pave the way towards the better water management and subsequently boost the agro-economy of Pakistan. The use of degree-day models in conjunction with the satellite based remote sensing data for the forecasting of seasonal snow and ice melt runoff has proved to be a suitable approach for the data scarce regions. In the present research, Snowmelt Runoff Model (SRM) has not only been enhanced by incorporating the “glacier (G)” component but also applied for the forecast of seasonal water availability from the Upper Indus Basin (UIB). Excel based SRM + G takes into account of separate degree-day factors for snow and ice melt processes. The UIB has been divided into Upper and Lower part because of the different climatic conditions in the Tibetan plateau. The application of seasonal scenario based approach proved to be very adequate for long term water availability forecast. The comparison between different models of operational seasonal forecasts for the UIB for the period in consideration show that SRM + G tends to slightly underestimate the flow volume on average by about 2 % with an overall mean absolute error MAE of 9.6 %, while the two other approaches overestimate the Kharif flow volume on average by about 6 %. More important, the standard deviation of SRM + G forecast errors is 5.7 % only, which is an important indicator for the forecasting skill.

The variability of the snow and ice melt in alpine rivers in northwestern China

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 884-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-bin Li ◽  
Jia-guo Qi ◽  
Lin-shan Yang ◽  
Wen-jin Yang ◽  
Gao-feng Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northwestern China ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Alpine Rivers ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

scholarly journals Temporal Means and Variability of Arctic Sea Ice Melt and Freeze Season Climate Indicators Using a Satellite Climate Data Record

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ge Peng ◽  
Michael Steele ◽  
Angela Bliss ◽  
Walter Meier ◽  
Suzanne Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Arctic Sea Ice ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Climate Indicators ◽  
Arctic Sea ◽  
Data Record ◽  
Climate Data Record ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

Information on the timing of Arctic snow and ice melt onset, sea ice opening, retreat, advance, and closing, can be beneficial to a variety of stakeholders. Sea ice modelers can use information on the evolution of the ice cover through the rest of the summer to improve their seasonal sea ice forecasts. The length of the open water season (as derived from retreat/advance dates) is important for human activities and for wildlife. Long-term averages and variability of these dates as climate indicators are beneficial to business strategic planning and climate monitoring. In this study, basic characteristics of temporal means and variability of Arctic sea ice climate indicators derived from a satellite-based climate data record from March 1979 to February 2017 melt and freeze seasons are described. Our results show that, over the Arctic region, anomalies of snow and ice melt onset, ice opening and retreat dates are getting earlier in the year at a rate of more than 5 days per decade, while that of ice advance and closing dates are getting later at a rate of more than 5 days per decade. These significant trends resulted in significant upward trends for anomalies of inner and outer ice-free periods at a rate of nearly 12 days per decade. Small but significant downward trends of seasonal ice loss and gain period anomalies were also observed at a rate of −1.48 and −0.53 days per decade, respectively. Our analyses also demonstrated that the means of these indicators and their trends are sensitive to valid data masks and regional averaging methods.

Spatiotemporal characteristics of alpine snow and ice melt under a changing regional climate: A case study in Northwest China

2015 ◽  
Vol 358 ◽  
pp. 126-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbin Li ◽  
Jiaguo Qi ◽  
Shuaibing Wang ◽  
Linshan Yang ◽  
Songbing Zou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Climate ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Spatiotemporal Characteristics ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

Snow and ice melt contributions in a highly glacierized catchment of Chhota Shigri Glacier (India) over the last five decades

2019 ◽  
Vol 574 ◽  
pp. 760-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd. Farooq Azam ◽  
P. Wagnon ◽  
C. Vincent ◽  
AL. Ramanathan ◽  
N. Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ice Melt ◽  
Chhota Shigri Glacier ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

scholarly journals Evaluating the impact of climate on snow- and ice-melt dynamics in the Taillon basin, French Pyrénées

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (145) ◽  
pp. 563-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Hannah ◽  
Glenn R. McGregor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation Patterns ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Circulation Types ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

AbstractThis pilot study adopts a computer-assisted synoptic typing methodology to evaluate the totality of climatic influences on snow- and ice-melt dynamics within a small cirque basin in the French Pyrénées. The synoptic categories identified possess contrasting large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns and surface energy budgets which generate differential ablation responses. Continental air masses yield consistently high melt. Advection of moist maritime air also produces elevated but more variable ablation due to air-mass transitions. The two observed local valley circulation types show melt to be higher under nocturnal katabatic drainage than for anabatic wind flows associated with development of daytime ridge-top cumulus.

scholarly journals Meltwater Hydrology and Hydrochemistry in Snow- and Ice-Covered Mountain Catchments

1981 ◽  
Vol 12 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 319-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
David N. Collins ◽  
Gordon J. Young
Keyword(s):  
Solute Concentration ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Solute Content ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
Surrogate Measure ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Alpine Environments ◽  
Snow And Ice Melt ◽  
Snow And Ice

Electrical conductivity, a surrogate measure of total dissolved solids content, and discharge of meltwaters draining from two adjacent contrasting watersheds in the Rocky Mountains, Canada, were recorded continuously from mid-May – August 1979, throughout the ablation season, in order to investigate the influence of snow- and ice-melt on alpine hydrochemistry. Solute concentration varied inversely diurnally with discharge in both nival and glacial meltwaters. Solute content and discharge of the snowmelt-fed Amiskwi River declined with decreasing availability of snowcover through July, followed by increased solute content during low flows in August. In the glacially-fed Peyto Creek, conductivity decreased with increasing flow during spring snow-melt, but during ice-melt domination of flow from mid-July oscillated daily through a limited range. Snow- and ice-melt are shown to have contrasting roles in determining distinctive patterns of diurnal and seasonal temporal variations of discharge and hydrochemistry in mountain basins. Continuous monitoring of water quality is essential in characterising the hydrochemistry of alpine environments.

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