Non-binary Gender Identities in Legislation, Employment Practices and HRM Research

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-114
Author(s):  
Catherine J. Abe ◽  
Louise Oldridge
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identities ◽  
Employment Practices ◽  
Binary Gender

Nonbinary Gender Identities

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hegarty ◽  
Y. Gavriel Ansara ◽  
Meg-John Barker
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Health Culture ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Nonbinary Gender ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Binary Options ◽  
Gender Categories ◽  
Binary Gender

This chapter concerns nonbinary genders; identities and roles between or beyond gender categories such as the binary options ‘women and men,’ for example. We review the emerging literature on people who do not identify with such binary gender schemes, unpack the often-implicit logic of thinking about others through the lens of gender binary schemes, and briefly describe some other less-researched, but longstanding cultural gender systems which recognize nonbinary genders. This chapter makes the case that consideration of nonbinary genders is germane to several core topics in psychology including identity, mental health, culture, social norms, language, and cognition.

scholarly journals The P600 for singular “they”: How the brain reacts when John decides to treat themselves to sushi.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grusha Prasad ◽  
Joanna Morris
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Processing Effort ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Binary Gender ◽  
The Way

There has been increased awareness that individuals need not have a binary gender identity (i.e., male or female), but rather, gender identities exist on a spectrum. With this increased awareness, there has also been an increase in the use of they as a singular pronoun when referring to individuals with a non-binary gender identity. Has the processing of singular they changed along with a change in its usage? Previous studies have demonstrated that sentences in which they is co-indexed with singular antecedents, are judged acceptable and are easy to process, but only if the antecedents are non-referential and/or have ambiguous gender; co-indexing they with referential antecedents with unambiguous gender (e.g., Mary) results in lower acceptability ratings and greater processing effort. We investigated whether participants who frequently interacted with individuals with a non-binary gender identity and/or identified as having a non-binary gender themselves would process sentences in which themselves was co-indexed with singular antecedents similarly. We found a significant P600 effect for sentences in which themselves was co-indexed with singular referential antecedents with unambiguous gender, but failed to find a P600 effect when the antecedents were non-referential and/or had an ambiguous gender. This pattern of results is consistent with behavioural results from previous studies, suggesting that the change in the usage of singular they has not resulted in a corresponding change in the way in which this pronoun is processed.

Non-Binary Gender Identities

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Webb ◽  
Emmie Matsuno ◽  
Stephanie Budge ◽  
Mira Krishnan ◽  
Kimberly Balsam
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identities ◽  
Binary Gender

Gender, socio-political cleavages and the co-constitution of gender identities: a multidimensional analysis of self-assessed masculine and feminine characteristics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Alexander ◽  
Catherine Bolzendahl ◽  
Patrik Öhberg
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Gender Identity ◽  
Multidimensional Analysis ◽  
Social Location ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Self Assessments ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Binary Gender

This study offers a multidimensional analysis of individuals’ self-assessments of their masculine and feminine characteristics to better understand variation from more to less binary gender identities. Through gender’s co-constitution along with various social localities, we expect that a number of socio-political factors differentiate individuals’ gender identities through self-assessments of their masculine and feminine characteristics. Using data from a 2013 Swedish survey, our results show that men and women tend towards traditionally polarised gender identities and that social location is a particularly influential correlate of men’s claims of feminine characteristics and women’s of masculine characteristics. Individuals from younger generations and individuals who are more educated are consistently more likely to ascribe to less binary feminine and masculine characteristics. This suggests that generational replacement and higher education may increase the tendency of populations to ascribe to less binary gender identities.<br /><br />Key messages<br /><ul><li>Measuring individuals self-assessed masculine and feminine characteristics.</li><br /><li>Exploring the influence of social location on gender identity.</li></ul>

Reviewing non-binary: where have we come from?

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-44
Author(s):  
Ben Vincent
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Gender Diversity ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
The Third ◽  
Gender Binary ◽  
Specific Concept ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Binary Gender

Chapter one maps out the scholastic terrain relevant to a sociological consideration of non-binary gender identities. This is divided into three main areas. The first of these covers the relationship between gender diversity and medical practice, the second re-examines older sociological research which didn’t have the specific concept of non-binary, but acknowledged and engaged with people and identities (though often only implicitly) that challenged the gender binary. The third section covers interdisciplinary, 21st century recognition of non-binary people.

scholarly journals The subversive potential of queer pornography

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Koller
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The Other ◽  
First Person ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Online Pornography ◽  
Binary Gender

This paper addresses the question of what potential queer pornography has to subvert hegemonic discourses of gender and sexuality. In particular, it engages in the analysis of transitivity and metaphor in an example of queer written online pornography and links this textual analysis to a discussion of the role of text distribution and consumption in realising any subversive potential. The analysis shows that in terms of participant representation, the text reinforces rather than challenges hegemonic discourses of gender and sexuality: Although the main protagonists are both ambiguously sexed, patterns of transitivity and use of metaphor construct largely binary gender identities for them, allocating sexual activity to the first-person narrator while casting the Other as passively desiring. In terms of its distribution and consumption, however, the text maintains its subversive potential as it sexualises a public online space and can turn offline public space into a sexual place.

scholarly journals Gender identities in adolescent population: Methodological issues and prevalence across age groups

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riittakerttu Kaltiala-Heino ◽  
Nina Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
School Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
School Health Promotion ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Binary Gender

AbstractBackground:Increasing numbers of adolescents are seeking treatment from gender identity services, particularly natal girls. It is known from survey studies some adolescents exaggerate their belonging to minorities, thereby distorting prevalence estimates and findings on related problems. The aim of the present study was to explore the susceptibility of gender identity to mischievous responding, and prevalences of cis-gender, opposite-sex and other/ non-binary gender identities as corrected for likely mischievous responding among Finnish adolescents.Method:The School Health Promotion Survey 2017 data was used, comprising data on 135,760 adolescents under 21 years (mean 15.73, ds 1.3 years), 50.6% females and 49.4% males. Sex and perceived gender were elicited and gender identities classified based thereon. Likely mischievous responding was analysed using inappropriate responses to biodata and handicaps.Results:Of the participants, 3.5% had most likely given facetious responses, boys more commonly than girls, and younger adolescents more commonly than older. This particularly concerned reporting of non-binary gender identity. Corrected prevalence of opposite-sex identification was 0.6% and that of non-binary identification was 3.3%. In boys, displaying non-binary gender identity increased from early to late adolescence, while among girls, opposite-sex and non-binary identifications decreased in prevalence from younger to older age groups.Conclusion:Prevalence of gender identities contrary to one’s natal sex was more common than expected.

‘Not trans enough’: the relationship between non‑binary gender identities, uncertainty and legitimacy

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-100
Author(s):  
Ben Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Gender Identity ◽  
Gender Identities ◽  
Research Practices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gendered Expectations ◽  
Binary Gender

Chapter three begins by outlining the project’s design, in order to ground the data in research practices, and introduce the participants and their demographics. The chapter then highlights a striking commonality amongst participants – insecurity in relation to gender. This could manifest as an internal uncertainty in being ‘trans enough’, or anxiety over not being seen as trans enough by other people. This chapter explores this phenomenon, whilst considering how hegemonic gendered expectations impact not only the ability to socially exert, but also the ability to internally formulate a non-binary gender identity.

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