Traumatic Brain Injury: Risk Assessment and Perioperative Management

2019 ◽  
pp. 67-75
Author(s):  
Jonathan Z. Pan ◽  
Lingzhong Meng
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Perioperative Management

scholarly journals An animal-to-human scaling law for blast-induced traumatic brain injury risk assessment

2014 ◽  
Vol 111 (43) ◽  
pp. 15310-15315 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Jean ◽  
M. K. Nyein ◽  
J. Q. Zheng ◽  
D. F. Moore ◽  
J. D. Joannopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Scaling Law

scholarly journals Perioperative Management of Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: What Is New?

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deacon Farrell ◽  
Audrée A. Bendo
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Severe Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Perioperative Management

scholarly journals Effects of Prescription Opioid Use on Traumatic Brain Injury Risk in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 388-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony V. Herrera ◽  
Linda Wastila ◽  
Jessica P. Brown ◽  
Hegang Chen ◽  
Steven R. Gambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Prescription Opioid ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Prescription Opioid Use

scholarly journals HEAD IMPACT SEVERITY MEASURES FOR EVALUATING MILD TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY RISK EXPOSURE

Neurosurgery ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 789-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard M. Greenwald ◽  
Joseph T. Gwin ◽  
Jeffrey J. Chu ◽  
Joseph J. Crisco
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Head Impact ◽  
Risk Exposure

scholarly journals Substance Use and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Risk Reduction and Prevention: A Novel Model for Treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer H. Olson-Madden ◽  
Lisa A. Brenner ◽  
John D. Corrigan ◽  
Chad D. Emrick ◽  
Peter C. Britton
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently co-occur. Individuals with histories of alcohol or other drug use are at greater risk for sustaining TBI, and individuals with TBI frequently misuse substances before and after injury. Further, a growing body of literature supports the relationship between comorbid histories of mild TBI (mTBI) and SUDs and negative outcomes. Alcohol and other drug use are strongly associated with risk taking. Disinhibition, impaired executive function, and/or impulsivity as a result of mTBI also contribute to an individual’s proclivity towards risk-taking. Risk-taking behavior may therefore, be a direct result of SUD and/or history of mTBI, and risky behaviors may predispose individuals for subsequent injury or continued use of substances. Based on these findings, evaluation of risk-taking behavior associated with the co-occurrence of SUD and mTBI should be a standard clinical practice. Interventions aimed at reducing risky behavior among members of this population may assist in decreasing negative outcomes. A novel intervention (Substance Use and Traumatic Brain Injury Risk Reduction and Prevention (STRRP)) for reducing and preventing risky behaviors among individuals with co-occurring mTBI and SUD is presented. Areas for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals A Biomechanical Evaluation of a Novel Airbag Bicycle Helmet Concept for Traumatic Brain Injury Mitigation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Kwong Ming Tse ◽  
Daniel Holder
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Head Model ◽  
Bicycle Helmet ◽  
Impact Simulations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Helmet Design

In this study, a novel expandable bicycle helmet, which integrates an airbag system into the conventional helmet design, was proposed to explore the potential synergetic effect of an expandable airbag and a standard commuter-type EPS helmet. The traumatic brain injury mitigation performance of the proposed expandable helmet was evaluated against that of a typical traditional bicycle helmet. A series of dynamic impact simulations on both a helmeted headform and a representative human head with different configurations were carried out in accordance with the widely recognised international bicycle helmet test standards. The impact simulations were initially performed on a ballast headform for validation and benchmarking purposes, while the subsequent ones on a biofidelic human head model were used for assessing any potential intracranial injury. It was found that the proposed expandable helmet performed admirably better when compared to a conventional helmet design—showing improvements in impact energy attenuation, as well as kinematic and biometric injury risk reduction. More importantly, this expandable helmet concept, integrating the airbag system in the conventional design, offers adequate protection to the cyclist in the unlikely case of airbag deployment failure.

scholarly journals MON-370 Treatment of Parathyroid Storm in a Patient with Traumatic Brain Injury: A Reversible Comatose State

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Rhyu ◽  
Jeffrey Wei ◽  
Christine Hema Darwin
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Acute Kidney Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mental Status ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Clavicle Fracture ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Cystic Degeneration ◽  
Severe Hypercalcemia ◽  
Comatose State

Abstract Background: Parathyroid storm, also known as parathyroid crisis, is a rare and under-recognized endocrine emergency due to severe hypercalcemia in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. It is characterized by significantly elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels even up to 20 times above the normal limit along with calcium levels >15 mg/dl, leading to multiorgan dysfunction, notably altered mental status and acute kidney injury. Risk of mortality is high without urgent parathyroidectomy. We describe a case of a patient with acute traumatic brain injury and parathyroid storm with PTH >1700 pg/ml (11-51) and Ca 15.4 mg/dl (8.6-10.4) in whom resection of a parathyroid adenoma reversed the comatose state. Clinical Case: Our patient is a 68 year-old male with no significant past medical history who sustained a fall off a 12-foot ladder complicated by right intracranial bleed s/p hemicraniectomy and multiple fractures, including left clavicle fracture with possible subclavian artery injury, left rib fractures, and right hip fracture s/p ORIF. The patient had a brief, partial improvement of mental status, followed by comatose state in the setting of rapidly rising calcium levels and acute kidney injury. In the setting of blood transfusions, the patient had an initial Ca of 8.8 mg/dl (8.6-10.4) on admission. The calcium levels rose over a week to 15.4 mg/dl with albumin of 2.4 g/dl (3.9-5.0), PTH levels from 953 pg/ml to >1700 pg/ml (11-51) after tracheostomy, and creatinine from 0.69 mg/dl to peak of 2.0 mg/dl (0.60-1.30). In spite of IV hydration, calcitonin, cinacalcet up to 90mg twice daily, pamidronate 60mg IV, and several sessions of hemodialysis, the patient’s calcium did not normalize, and the patient remained comatose. Other labs showed phosphorus nadir of 1.4 mg/dl (2.3-4.4), 25-OH VitD 13 ng/ml (20-50), 1,25-OH VitD 9.8 pg/ml (19.9-79.3), VitA 0.6 mg/L (0.3-0.9), PTHrP <2.0 pmol/L (0.0-2.3), normal SPEP/UPEP, and peak CK of 569 U/L (63-474). Sestamibi scan showed intense tracer uptake within a nodule near the suprasternal notch, and parathyroid 4D-CT showed a left 17mm pretracheal lesion with cystic degeneration along the superior margin of the manubrium. The patient subsequently underwent parathyroidectomy of an ectopic cystic mass with normalization of calcium and PTH levels. Pathology revealed a 0.8 gram, 1.5 x 1.0 x 0.3 cm enlarged, hypercellular parathyroid. The patient woke up from his comatose state immediately after surgery with progressive improvement in mental status back to baseline, other than left-sided weakness. Conclusion: Our case highlights the importance of surgical management as an effective cure for parathyroid crisis and underscores the associated critical and significant rise in calcium and PTH levels, which was resistant to medical treatment.

scholarly journals Self-inflicted versus other-inflicted traumatic brain injury: Risk factors and outcomes

1999 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 785-786
Author(s):  
T. Novack ◽  
B. Bush ◽  
J. Meythaler ◽  
K. Canupp ◽  
E. Glen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Inflicted Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Injury Risk Factors
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