Sex Hormones: Hormonal Contraception and Hormone Replacement Therapy

2019 ◽  
pp. 287-301
Author(s):  
Roland Seifert
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Hormonal Contraception

Skin aging and sex hormones in women - clinical perspectives for intervention by hormone replacement therapy

2004 ◽  
Vol 13 (s4) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-G. Sator ◽  
Jolanta B. Schmidt ◽  
Thomas Rabe ◽  
Christos C. Zouboulis
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Skin Aging

Sex hormones and venous thromboembolism – from contraception to hormone replacement therapy

VASA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 441-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Beyer-Westendorf ◽  
Rupert Bauersachs ◽  
Viola Hach-Wunderle ◽  
Rainer B. Zotz ◽  
Hannelore Rott
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Baseline Risk ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Risk Increase

Abstract. The use of sex hormones such as combined oral contraceptives (COC) or hormone replacement therapy (HRT) increases the risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) considerably, especially in patients with an increased intrinsic risk for thromboembolic complications. Despite public and media attention and increasing scientific evidence, prescription patterns seem to be hard to change. It is well recognized that the patient’s baseline risk is the most relevant factor in the absolute risk for developing VTE. The relative risk increase associated with sex hormones, depends on the type and dosage of hormones, the route of application (oral, vaginal, transdermal), and for COC, on the specific combination of oestrogen and gestagen components. Consequently, a careful decision for or against any specific type of hormone treatment needs to be based on an assessment of the patient’s risk profile (disposition) as well as on the treatment-associated risks and benefits (exposition). This review discusses the most common sex hormone treatments in contraception and HRT, the relevance for VTE risk patients, and strategies to counsel patients with regard to hormone use according to their risk profiles. Keywords: Oral contraceptives, hormonal contraception, hormone replacement therapy, venous thromboembolism

Repolarization measures and their relation to sex hormones in postmenopausal women with cardiovascular disease receiving hormone replacement therapy

2002 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1050-1055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Nowinski ◽  
Ulla Pripp ◽  
Kjell Carlström ◽  
Britt-Marie Landgren ◽  
Karin Schenck-Gustafsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement

scholarly journals Global Sex Disparity of COVID-19: A Descriptive Review of Sex Hormones and Consideration for the Potential Therapeutic Use of Hormone Replacement Therapy in Older Adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 671
Author(s):  
Samuel C Okpechi ◽  
Jordyn T Fong ◽  
Shawn S Gill ◽  
Jarrod C Harman ◽  
Tina H Nguyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Sex Disparity

scholarly journals SHBG, Sex Hormones, and Inflammatory Markers in Older Women

2011 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 1053-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Maggio ◽  
Gian Paolo Ceda ◽  
Fulvio Lauretani ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
Anna Maria Corsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Adjusted Model

Abstract Context: In premenopausal and older women, high testosterone and estradiol (E2) and low SHBG levels are associated with insulin resistance and diabetes, conditions characterized by low-grade inflammation. Objective: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between SHBG, total testosterone, total E2, and inflammatory markers in older women. Design and Patients: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 433 women at least 65 yr old from the InCHIANTI Study, Italy, who were not on hormone replacement therapy or recently hospitalized and who had complete data on SHBG, testosterone, E2, C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6r), and TNF-α. Relationships between sex hormones and inflammatory markers were examined by multivariate linear regression analyses adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, insulin, physical activity, and chronic disease. Results: In fully adjusted analyses, SHBG was negatively associated with CRP (P = 0.007), IL-6 (P = 0.008), and sIL-6r (P = 0.02). In addition, testosterone was positively associated with CRP (P = 0.006), IL-6 (P = 0.001), and TNF-α (P = 0.0002). The negative relationship between testosterone and sIL-6r in an age-adjusted model (P = 0.02) was no longer significant in a fully adjusted model (P = 0.12). E2 was positively associated with CRP (P = 0.002) but not with IL-6 in fully adjusted models. In a final model including E2, testosterone, and SHBG, and all the confounders previously considered, SHBG (0.23 ± 0.08; P = 0.006) and E2 (0.21 ± 0.08; P = 0.007), but not testosterone (P = 0.21), were still significantly associated with CRP. Conclusion: In late postmenopausal women not on hormone replacement therapy, SHBG and E2 are, respectively, negative and positive, independent and significant correlates of a proinflammatory state.

Is Uveal Melanoma a Hormonally Sensitive Cancer? A Review of the Impact of Sex Hormones and Pregnancy on Uveal Melanoma

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Manisha Miller ◽  
Lynn Schoenfield ◽  
Mohamed Abdel-Rahman ◽  
Colleen M. Cebulla
Keyword(s):  
Hormone Replacement Therapy ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Uveal Melanoma ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Hormone Replacement ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Despite a higher incidence and worse prognosis of uveal melanoma (UM) in men, there have been many case reports of pregnant patients with aggressive UM. This has led researchers to explore the influence of sex hormones and pregnancy on the development and progression of UM and hormones as potential therapeutic targets. <b><i>Summary:</i></b> A systematic literature review was conducted. More work is needed to elucidate the basis of sex differences in UM incidence and survival. The evaluation of germline <i>BAP1</i> mutation would be beneficial in patients with UM presenting at a young age. Importantly, multiple studies reported no significant difference between the 5-year survival and 5-year metastasis-free survival rates between nonpregnant women with UM and pregnant women with UM. Multiple case-control studies disagree on how parity affects risk of UM. However, most studies agree that oral contraceptives and hormone replacement therapy have no effect on the incidence of UM. Current treatment strategies for pregnant patients with UM are discussed. Looking forward, this review reports recent research on targeted receptor-based chemotherapy, which is based on evidence of estrogen receptor (ER), estrogen-related receptor alpha (ERRα), and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) receptor expression in UM. <b><i>Key Messages:</i></b> Based on review of the literature, UM is not a contraindication to oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, or pregnancy. Globe-sparing radiation can be used as a treatment option for pregnant patients. Due to the presence of ER on a subset of unselected UM, its potential for adjunctive targeted therapy with agents like tamoxifen should be explored. Lessons from cutaneous melanoma regarding tissue ratios of estrogen receptors (ERα:ERβ) should be applied to assess their therapeutic predictive value. In addition, ERRα-targeted therapeutics and LHRH analogs are worthy of further exploration in UM.

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