Norm-referenced Criteria for Strength of the Upper Limbs for the Korean High School Baseball Players Using Computer Assisted Isokinetic Equipment

Context: Participation in high school sports has grown 16.1% over the last decade, but few studies have compared the overall injury risks in girls' softball and boys' baseball. Objective: To examine the incidence of injury in high school softball and baseball players. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Greenville, South Carolina, high schools. Patients or Other Participants: Softball and baseball players (n = 247) from 11 high schools. Main Outcome Measure(s): Injury rates, locations, types; initial or subsequent injury; practice or game setting; positions played; seasonal trends. Results: The overall incidence injury rate was 4.5/1000 athlete-exposures (AEs), with more injuries overall in softball players (5.6/1000 AEs) than in baseball players (4.0/1000 AEs). Baseball players had a higher initial injury rate (75.9/1000 AEs) than softball players (66.4/1000 AEs): rate ratio (RR) = 0.88, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.4, 1.7. The initial injury rate was higher than the subsequent injury rate for the overall sample (P < .0001) and for softball (P < .0001) and baseball (P < .001) players. For both sports, the injury rate during games (4.6/1000 AEs) was similar to that during practices (4.1/1000 AEs), RR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.7, 2.2. Softball players were more likely to be injured in a game than were baseball players (RR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.8, 4.3). Most injuries (77%) were mild (3.5/1000 AEs). The upper extremity accounted for the highest proportion of injuries (63.3%). The incidence of injury for pitchers was 37.3% and for position players was 15.3%. The rate of injury was highest during the first month of the season (7.96/1000 AEs). Conclusions: The incidence of injury was low for both softball and baseball. Most injuries were minor and affected the upper extremity. The injury rates were highest in the first month of the season, so prevention strategies should be focused on minimizing injuries and monitoring players early in the season.

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Perceptions of Junior High school Teachers toward Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) within the Context of Azarbayjan Provinces

Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences ◽

10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.03.564 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 1445-1453 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Seyed Jaafar Rafiee ◽

Saeedeh Allahverdi Purfallah

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Language Learning ◽

High School Teachers ◽

Junior High School ◽

Junior High ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Computer Assisted Language Learning ◽

School Teachers ◽

Junior High School Teachers

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The influence of different training methods on the speed of a thrown ball, and differences in the effect of training in players at different developmental stages: a study of junior and senior high school baseball players

Taiikugaku kenkyu (Japan Journal of Physical Education Health and Sport Sciences) ◽

10.5432/jjpehss.10056 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 129-142

Author(s):

Kosuke Hiruma ◽

Mitsugi Ogata

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Senior High School ◽

Training Methods ◽

Baseball Players

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Students’ Influences of CAA: A Case Study of Senior High School in Badung Bali

International Journal for Educational and Vocational Studies ◽

10.29103/ijevs.v1i1.1392 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

I Gusti Ayu Vina Widiadnya Putri

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Data Collection ◽

Field Research ◽

Analysis Data ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Qualitative Description ◽

Data Sources ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Vocational High School

The aims of this study is to find out and analyzed about students’ influences of Computer-assisted assessment (CAA) It is the case study and field research of one school in Nusa Dua Badung-Bali. The data sources chosen in this study were several high schools that carried out online examinations at Nusa Dua Vocational high school Bali-Indonesia. Data collection is done by random sampling from data sources, observation, interviews, recording, and note taking. Distribution of questionnaires was also carried out to strengthen data analysis. Data is analyzed based on the formulation of the problem and the study of theory that has been, then analyzed in qualitative description. The descriptive study used paper-based surveys and interviews for data collection. To obtain information about the students’ influences of Computer-assisted assessment (CAA). Based on our review and study result, there are some influences that found. The Computer-assisted assessment (CAA) systematics is held with the aim that students become more critical and independent in solving the questions given.

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