Evaluation of Exhaust Emissions in Real Driving Emissions Tests in Different Test Route Configurations

In the regulations concerning approval of light vehicles starting from September 2019 it will be necessary to conduct exhaust emis-sions tests both on a chassis dynamometer and for real driving emissions. It is a legislative requirement set forth in EU regulations for the purpose of the RDE (Real Driving Emissions) procedure. To decide on the RDE route for the purpose of the LV exhaust emissions tests many requirements must be fulfilled, regarding for ex-ample external temperature and the topographic height of the tests, driving style (driving dynamic parameters), trip duration, length of respective test sections (urban, rural, motorway, etc.). The works on outlining RDE routes are continued across the country in various research centres. Specifying the RDE route for test purposes, i.e. works in which the authors of this article are actively involved, has become a major challenge for future approval surveys concerning the assessment of hazardous emissions from light vehicles and for development studies focusing on – for example – the consumption of energy in electric and hybrid vehicles. The vehicle load was consistent with the requirements of the standard and included the aforesaid measurement device, the driver and the operator of PEMS. The tests were carried out on working days. The streets and roads used for the tests were hard-surfaced. Meas-urements were performed in accordance with the requirements of RDE packages (Package 1–4), i.e. taking into account – among others the engine cold start. The article discusses the method of outlining the test route fulfilling the specific requirements for RDE testing. Chosen results of ex-haust emissions from a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine along the defined RDE test route have been provided. The tests discussed in the article are introductory in the area of RDE tests and provide an introduction into further studies of exhaust emissions and energy consumption in real driving conditions in conventional vehicles and vehicles with alternative engines, e.g. hybrid and electric vehicles.

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Analysis of exhaust emission measurements in rural conditions from heavy-duty vehicle

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2020-309 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 182 (3) ◽

pp. 54-58

Author(s):

Andrzej Ziółkowski ◽

Paweł Fuć ◽

Piotr Lijewski ◽

Łukasz Rymaniak ◽

Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fuel Consumption ◽

Road Transport ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Heavy Vehicles ◽

Heavy Duty Vehicle ◽

Emission Norm ◽

Test Route

Road transport holds for the largest share in the freight transport sector in Europe. This work is carried out by heavy vehicles of various types. It is assumed that, in principle, transport should take place on the main road connections, such as motorways or national roads. Their share in the polish road infrastructure is not dominant. Rural and communal roads roads are the most prevalent. This fact formed the basis of the exhaust emissions and fuel consumption tests of heavy vehicles in real operating conditions. A set of vehicles (truck tractor with a semi-trailer) meeting the Euro V emission norm, transporting a load of 24,800 kg, was selected for the tests. The research was carried out on an non-urban route, the test route length was 22 km. A mobile Semtech DS instrument was used, which was used to measure the exhaust emissions. Based on the obtained results, the emission characteristics were determined in relation to the operating parameters of the vehicles drive system. Road emission, specific emission and fuel consumption values were also calculated.

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The impact of vehicle dynamic parameters on the exhaust emissions in RDE tests

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-2018-404 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 175 (4) ◽

pp. 26-34

Author(s):

Jacek PIELECHA ◽

Karolina KURTYKA ◽

Kinga SKOBIEJ

Keyword(s):

Internal Combustion Engines ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Dynamic Parameters ◽

Passenger Cars ◽

The Road ◽

Positive Acceleration ◽

Legislative Proposals ◽

Test Route ◽

The Impact

The article compares driving test data using the latest legislative proposals applicable to passenger cars with different drives. For this purpose, cars of one type were selected, meeting the same exhaust toxicity standard (Euro 6c) and differing in used internal combustion engines (with spark-ignition, compression-ignition and hybrid drive). Several measurements were performed on the same test route in accordance with the RDE test guidelines, which requires a several of criteria to be met. These criteria include the length of the measuring sections, their overall timeshare and the dynamic characteristics of the drive. A portable emissions measurement system (PEMS) was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters and to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for the monitoring of parameters such as: load value, engine speed and vehicle velocity. Then the obtained results were analyzed for their compatibility with the RDE procedure requirements. By determining the road emission of individual harmful compounds for all vehicles and the dynamic parameters of drive (relative positive acceleration and product of speed and positive acceleration) in various phases of the road test it was possible to compare them. On this basis, the impact of dynamic conditions of road tests on the obtained results of the road exhaust emission of harmful compounds for passenger cars with various drives was defined.

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Analysis of the exhaust emissions from hybrid vehicle during RDE test

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201929402002 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 294 ◽

pp. 02002

Author(s):

Andrzej Ziolkowski ◽

Pawel Daszkiewicz ◽

Lukasz Rymaniak ◽

Paweł Fuc ◽

Pawel Ukleja

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Drive System ◽

Heavy Vehicles ◽

Hybrid Drive ◽

Emission Norm ◽

Urban Rural ◽

Test Route ◽

Selection Of

The introduction of the Euro 6c emission norm in 2017 resulted in a change of the type approval procedures. The most important of these was the replacement of the NEDC test with WLTC test with different procedures. In addition, the research was extended to include emission tests in real operating conditions (RDE). Such tests are enforced for heavy vehicles since 2014. PEMS apparatus was used for the measurements, which has been used by many research and development centers to carry out exhaust emissions measurements long before the applicable procedures were introduced. The article presents the methodology of conducting RDE measurements in accordance with the requirements defined by the Euro 6c norm. The focus in this case was primarily on the selection of the test route in the Poznań agglomeration. After determining its course, RDE measurements were made for a vehicle with a hybrid drive. The test route parameters have complied with the applicable requirements. All requirements were met and it was possible to analyze the exhaust emissions. The main focus being the determination of exhaust emissions from the entire test and in accordance with the EMROAD method. The CF (Comformity Factor) coefficients were also determined for both methods and compared with the applicable legal values. An analysis of the hybrid drive system operation was carried out, defining the degree of hybridization, which is the portion of the vehicle travel using only the electric motor of the drive system throughout the whole test. All analyzes were carried out in individual sections of the test: urban, rural and motorway.

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The research of exhaust emissions and fuel consumption from HHD engines under actual traffic conditions

Combustion Engines ◽

10.19206/ce-116937 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 158 (3) ◽

pp. 56-63

Author(s):

Jerzy MERKISZ ◽

Paweł FUĆ ◽

Piotr LIJEWSKI ◽

Andrzej ZIÓŁKOWSKI ◽

Łukasz RYMANIAK

Keyword(s):

Comparative Analysis ◽

Fuel Consumption ◽

Measurement System ◽

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Heavy Duty ◽

Traffic Conditions ◽

Test Road ◽

Test Route ◽

Heavy Duty Vehicles ◽

Portable Emissions Measurement System

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the emission of CO, NOx, CO2 and gas mileage for two heavy-duty long haulage vehicles. The tests were performed on the same test road. The test route reflected typical daily operation of heavy-duty vehicles – a drive to the loading/unloading zone and cruise on national roads. In the investigations, the authors used a portable exhaust emissions analyzer (SEMTECH DS, PEMS – Portable Emissions Measurement System). Based on the performed analysis, optimum engine was selected for long haulage vehicles under conditions of Polish transport and logistic infrastructure in terms of fuel consumption.

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Evaluating the environmental costs in Poland of city buses meeting the Euro VI norm based on tests in real operating conditions

Archives of Transport ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0014.0212 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (4) ◽

pp. 109-115

Author(s):

Łukasz Rymaniak ◽

Paweł Fuć ◽

Piotr Lijewski ◽

Michalina Kamińska ◽

Paweł Daszkiewicz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exhaust Emissions ◽

Operating Conditions ◽

Drive System ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Environmental Costs ◽

The Road ◽

City Bus ◽

Test Route ◽

Emission Limits ◽

Swept Volume

The article analyzes the environmental costs which consisted of determining the annual cost for gases and particles released into the atmosphere by city buses meeting the Euro VI norm. To this end, exhaust emissions of a city bus equipped with a conventional drive system were performed. The vehicle had a length of 18m and was powered by a CI engine with a swept volume of 10,5 dm3, with a maximum power of 240 kW. In order to measure the ecological indicators, tests were performed in real driving conditions using the PEMS system. The apparatus made it possible to measure the concentration of gaseous compounds and particulate matter in the exhaust, which made it possible to determine the road exhaust emissions of the tested vehicle. The research was carried out on a test route including urban and suburban roads in accordance with legislative guidelines. The measurements showed that the bus met the exhaust emission limits determined on the basis of measuring windows defined in relation to the work generated by the drive system. In addition to information on the emissivity of the vehicle, the annual emissions from city buses meeting the Euro VI standard in Poland were also estimated. The information contained in the central vehicle register for the number of vehicles registered in Poland that meet the latest emission standards has been used for this purpose.

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