Beta maritima | ScienceGate

Abstract A description is provided for Leveillula cylindrospora. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: Powdery mildew of members of the Chenopodiaceae. Mycelium and ascomata form white, then dirty-grey layers on damaged green parts of the host. The fungus is potentially dangerous for some cultivated plants, for example, beet. Records from Italy and Corsica identified as Leveillula taurica s.l. on Beta maritima (Amano, 1986) probably belong in L. cylindrospora. HOSTS: Atriplex halimus, A. sphaeromorpha, A. tatarica, A. turcomanica, Ceratoides fruticulosa, C. papposa, Chenopodium album, C. ambrosioides, C. anthelminticum, C. murale, C. rubrum, Corispermum hyssopifolium, Kochia prostrata, K. scoparia, K. sieversiana, Noaea mucronata, Salsola arbuscula, S. australis (incl. S. iberica & S. ruthenica), S. canescens, S. kali, S. laricifolia, S. paletzkiana, S. richteri, S. soda, S. tamamschjanae (Chenopodiaceae). [Type host - Ceratoides papposa (Eurotia ceratoides)] GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Africa: Canary Islands, Morocco. Asia (temperate areas only): Azerbaijan, Armenia, China, Republic of Georgia, Iran, Israel, Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Korea, Lebanon, Pakistan, Russia (north Caucasus, south Siberia), Tadzhikistan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Europe: France, Italy, Portugal, Rumania, Russia (southeastern areas of European part, south Urals), Spain, Turkey (European part), Ukraine (southern). TRANSMISSION: By wind-dispersed conidia. The rôle of ascospores in disease transmission is unknown, although it has been supposed that they can cause the initial stage of the disease, because ascomata containing asci and ascospores have been observed after winter (Gaponenko et al., 1983, p. 177).

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In vitro adventitious shoot production of Beta vulgaris and Beta maritima

Physiology, Growth and Development of Plants in Culture ◽

10.1007/978-94-011-0790-7_27 ◽

1994 ◽

pp. 261-266

Author(s):

Sarah Mash ◽

Johannes Van Staden ◽

Tudor Thomas ◽

Zhong Zhongxian

Keyword(s):

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Adventitious Shoot ◽

Beta Maritima ◽

Shoot Production

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Genic Male Sterility Found in Beta maritima L.

Ikushugaku zasshi ◽

10.1270/jsbbs1951.22.11 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 11-19 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Toshiro Kinoshita ◽

Man-emon Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Male Sterility ◽

Genic Male Sterility ◽

Beta Maritima

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Evolution of Root Morphology in Table Beet: Historical and Iconographic

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.689926 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Irwin L. Goldman ◽

Jules Janick

Keyword(s):

Matter Content ◽

First Century ◽

Third Century ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Fodder Beet ◽

Beet Root ◽

Beta Maritima ◽

Swiss Chard ◽

Crop Type ◽

Recent Origin

The Beta vulgaris complex includes sugar beet, mangel wurzel, Swiss chard, fodder beet, and table beet. Mangel wurzel and fodder beet are considered to be the same general crop type, with the former possessing lower dry matter content (<13%) than the latter. Mangel is likely derived from crosses between table beet and chard, while fodder beet may have a more recent origin, arising from crosses between mangel and sugarbeet. The table beet was derived from the wild sea beet, B. vulgaris (L.) subsp. maritima (L.) Arcang, with small non-spherical roots. Table beet is presently a popular vegetable cultivated for its pigmented roots, typically red but also yellow and other colors. Wild forms were consumed in antiquity mainly for their leaves with roots used medicinally. Beet is referred to in the Septuagint, a Greek translation of the first five books of the Hebrew bible, made in Ptolomeic Egypt in the third century BCE. A beet identified as Beta maritima is included in De Material Medicus of Pedanius Dioscorides written in the first century CE, and the first illustrated version of 512, known as the Juliana Anicia Codex, includes an image with non-spherical root. Beet is mentioned in several tractates of the Talmud, a sixth century collection of history and civil law written in Babylonia. Beta maritima possesses supernumerary root cambia, which facilitated selection of swollen rooted forms. The first colored illustration of swollen rooted table beet, B. vulgaris, can be found in the 1515–1517 frescos of Raphael Sanzio and Giovanni Martina da Udine in the Villa Farnesina in Rome. Swollen roots in Roman beet are illustrated and described in the 1587 French herbal Historia Generalis Plantarum of Jacques Dalechamps. Conically shaped beet roots are found in the market painting of Franz Snijders in the 17th century. Various spherical forms of beet root are found in the work of American painter James Peale in 1826. A complete array of beet root types is found in the Benary catalog of 1876. Modern, spherical beet roots were depicted in 1936 by the Russian painter Zinaida Serebriankov, 1936. Artistic and historical representations of table beet suggest that swollen rooted forms have existed during the past five centuries, but conically shaped roots were gradually replaced by spherically shaped roots during this period.

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