The Algorithm for Rapid Estimation of the Production Costs of Multidimensional Products of an Industrial Enterprise

Author(s):  
Danil A. Tolstobrov ◽  
Nadegda A. Tolstobrova ◽  
Sergey A. Fedoseev
2021 ◽  
pp. 21-29
Author(s):  
Г.И. Коновалова

Введение. Предлагаются концепция, методология и инструменты управления производительностью труда на промышленном предприятии посредством новой модели оперативного управления производством. В данной модели осуществляется управление комплектностью незавершенного производства для создания заделов деталей и сборочных единиц на нормативном уровне на всех этапах производственного цикла с учетом динамики производства. Очередь производства деталей и сборочных единиц является инструментом составления оперативных плановых заданий для производственных участков, поддержания комплектности заделов и ключевым фактором образования ресурса времени для увеличения выпуска продукции. Ситуационный подход при формировании очереди производства учитывает непрерывно изменяющиеся производственные ситуации в многономенклатурном разнотипном производстве. Методы исследования. Концепция управления производительностью труда на промышленном предприятии разработана на основе системного анализа различных внутренних и внешних факторов, которые влияют на организацию ритмичного производства и равномерного в соответствии с заданным графиком выпуска готовой продукции, и учета их в новой модели оперативного управления производством. В качестве основных инструментов в системе оперативного планирования производства принимаются динамичный план-график выпуска деталей и сборочных единиц и очередь производства (очередь выполнения технологических операций). В механизме управления производительностью труда на промышленном предприятии используется совокупность управляемых параметров – показателей для оперативного планирования, учета и регулирования комплектности незавершенного производства, производственных запасов и производственных затрат. Результаты исследования. Разработаны теоретико-методологические основы оперативного управления производительностью труда на промышленном предприятии в рамках универсальной системы оперативного управления для многономенклатурного разнотипного динамичного производства. Предложены управляемые параметры, позволяющие управлять комплектностью незавершенного производства, производственными запасами и производственными затратами, устранять потери любого рода, а сохраненные ресурсы использовать для роста производительности труда на промышленном предприятии в современных условиях. Построена новая динамическая модель оперативного управления производством, позволяющая адаптироваться к постоянным изменениям, учитывающая неопределенность и неоднозначность окружающей среды. Данная модель пригодна для цифрового моделирования и планирования процессов производства. Заключение. Предлагаемая методология позволяет выполнять и создавать ресурсы времени для повышения производительности производства на промышленном предприятии на основе поддержания на нормативном уровне производственных запасов и комплектного незавершенного производства, снижения производственных затрат за счет экономии различных ресурсов и сокращения производственного цикла. Introduction. The concept, methodology and tools for managing labor productivity in an industrial enterprise through a new model of operational production management are proposed. In this model, the completeness of work-in-progress is managed to create reserves of parts and assembly units at the regulatory level at all stages of the production cycle, taking into account the dynamics of production. The production queue of parts and assembly units is a tool for drawing up operational planning tasks for production sites, maintaining the completeness of the reserves and a key factor in the formation of a time resource for increasing production output. The situational approach to the formation of the production queue takes into account the continuously changing production situations in a multi-product production of different types. Research methods. The concept of labor productivity management at an industrial enterprise is developed on the basis of a systematic analysis of various internal and external factors that affect the organization of rhythmic production and uniform output of finished products in accordance with a given schedule, and their consideration in the new model of operational production management. As the main tools in the system of operational production planning, a dynamic schedule for the production of parts and assembly units and a production queue (the queue for performing technological operations) are accepted. The mechanism of labor productivity management at an industrial enterprise uses a set of managed parameters-indicators for operational planning, accounting and regulation of the completeness of work in progress, production stocks and production costs. The results of the study. The theoretical and methodological foundations of operational management of labor productivity at an industrial enterprise are developed within the framework of a universal system of operational management for multi-nomenclature, multi-type, dynamic production. We propose manageable parameters that allow you to manage the completeness of work in progress, production stocks and production costs, eliminate losses of any kind, and use the saved resources to increase labor productivity at an industrial enterprise in modern conditions. A new dynamic model of operational management of production is constructed, which allows to adapt to constant changes, taking into account the uncertainty and ambiguity of the environment. This model is suitable for digital modeling and planning of production processes. Conclusion. The proposed methodology allows you to perform and create time resources to increase production productivity in an industrial enterprise by maintaining production stocks and complete work-in-progress at the standard level, reducing production costs by saving various resources and reducing the production cycle.


Author(s):  
Vyacheslav V. Bataev

The paper proposes a methodology for analyzing the system of interaction between an industrial enterprise and customs authorities in the process of carrying out foreign trade activities based on the classification and assessment of the system elements functions for performing customs operations and customs control. Foreign economic activity, which is a set of functions of organizations focused on the foreign market in terms of the chosen foreign economic strategy, as well as the forms and methods of work in foreign markets is considered as one of the key factors in the efficiency of an industrial enterprise. Analysis of the foreign economic activity of an industrial enterprise using the developed methodology will make it possible to determine the optimal and cost-effective options for performing customs operations related to the declaration and release of goods in accordance with the declared customs procedure. The focus on large participants of foreign economic activity, which are industrial enterprises, will allow using the results of the study to reduce non-production costs associated with the implementation of foreign trade activities by these enterprises. We have chosen an enterprise of the metallurgical industry that carries out foreign economic activity in cooperation with the customs authorities of the Russian Federation as the object of the system analysis in this research. At the same time the object of analysis is considered as a unified system that has the main system properties: integrity and divisibility, the presence of significant stable links between the elements of the system, the organization and the hierarchical structure of the system, integrative qualities. The object of the research is a complex-structured system of interactions between industrial enterprises that are participants of foreign economic activity and the customs authorities of the Russian Federation. The schemes of interactions of all elements of the four-level hierarchical structure of the analyzed system are illustrated.


Author(s):  
H.O. Shvindina ◽  
Kushch V.O. Kushch V.O.

Economic transformations in Ukraine push industrial enterprises to seek radically new approaches to solving current problems. This article is devoted to the study of the main scientific approaches to the identification of the strategy of industrial enterprise development as a prerequisite for the impact on labor migration in the region. Numerous studies and experts argue that among the many factors of labor migration, economic reasons are central. During the study, the authors conducted a comprehensive analysis of the competitive environment of an industrial enterprise that is a leading producer of bricks. The critical factors of success were identified in the study; the factor analysis of micro- and macroenvironment was carried out. Among all the methods of strategic analysis, the SPACE-method was chosen for the identification of enterprise development strategy. As a result of a combination of statistics, expert assessments, and the results of previous studies, a strategy of centered diversification was offered for further implementation. As an option to diversification, the offer to implement the strategy of coopetition was developed. If implemented, coopetition strategy has a lot of advantages: reduction of competitive pressure, increase of resource provision, scaling of production, reduction of production costs, creation of reserves for the development of personnel potential. The paper presents theoretical generalizations about the strategy of coopetition, its forms, the main prerequisites for implementation. The innovative development of industrial enterprises is the key to the development of the region, including an increase in average wages, and therefore the strategic decisions of one market operator affect others. It is proposed to create a consortium for a specific case of development of innovation potential of the region. This consortium is an educational and scientific one, which, in addition to solving staffing issues, can help slow down labor migration.


1974 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 193-206
Author(s):  
L. Conte ◽  
L. Mombelli ◽  
A. Vanoli

SummaryWe have put forward a method to be used in the field of nuclear medicine, for calculating internally absorbed doses in patients. The simplicity and flexibility of this method allow one to make a rapid estimation of risk both to the individual and to the population. In order to calculate the absorbed doses we based our procedure on the concept of the mean absorbed fraction, taking into account anatomical and functional variability which is highly important in the calculation of internal doses in children. With this aim in mind we prepared tables which take into consideration anatomical differences and which permit the calculation of the mean absorbed doses in the whole body, in the organs accumulating radioactivity, in the gonads and in the marrow; all this for those radionuclides most widely used in nuclear medicine. By comparing our results with dose obtained from the use of M.I.R.D.'s method it can be seen that when the errors inherent in these types of calculation are taken into account, the results of both methods are in close agreement.


EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Singerman ◽  
Marina Burani Arouca ◽  
Mercy A. Olmstead

The article summarizes the establishment and production costs, as well as the potential profitability of a peach orchard in Florida. Our findings show the initial investment required for a peach operation in Florida to be $6,457 per acre; the expense in land preparation and planting alone in year 1 is $2,541 per acre. Variable and fixed costs in years 2 through 15 average $5,680 per acre. As an example of profitability, when using a 10% discount rate, an operation yielding 6,525 (7,254) pounds of marketable fruit per acre during its most productive years obtains a positive NPV when the average price is $2.38 ($2.13) per pound.


Author(s):  
Nina Avanesova ◽  
Ganna Semenova ◽  
Darina Vlasenko

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