DEVELOPMENT OF SOLAR ENERGY IN UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TRANSITION TO THE CARBON-NEUTRAL ECONOMY

The article aims to study current trends in the use of solar energy in Ukraine and the world as one of the main directions of decarbonization of the national economy. The authors systematize the prospects, advantages and disadvantages of the development of renewable energy sources. They conducted a comparative analysis of the "efficiency" of solar energy in some countries and Ukraine. The authors determined that the leading position in terms of the share of energy consumed from renewable sources is occupied by countries with developed economies due to the availability of effective motivational mechanisms. From the experience of EU countries, the authors concluded that renewable energy sources form a prerequisite for obtaining additional socio-economic and environmental effects. In the presence of favorable market conditions, renewable energy sources can increase the level of energy security in the country and its energy independence. The article analyzes the legislation of Ukraine on stimulating the development of alternative energy. The authors proposed two opposed ways of further developing solar energy in Ukraine. In particular, the country can implement methods of using alternative energy, which developed countries have successfully implemented. Another area involves increasing research and innovation in implementing, using, maintaining, and utilizing energy-generating devices from alternative energy sources. Despite the polarity of the proposed directions for further development of renewable energy, in both cases, the state policy on attracting investment and promoting the use of energy from alternative energy sources is crucial. In addition, the authors noted the benefits for society from the development and implementation of alternative energy sources. The scaling up and promotion of energy production technologies from alternative sources can reduce carbon emissions, which has been an urgent problem globally.

BUDGETING IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES

The key to successful and cost-effective activities of enterprises is the rational organization of the planning process, which concerns financial indicators and involves writing budgets. The article summarizes the theoretical and practical aspects of the organization and implementation of budgeting in industrial enterprises. The study of approaches of different scholars to the interpretation of the essence of the concept of budgeting allowed defining it as a complex economic process of the management cycle. It is developed at the discretion of the enterprise by determining the amount and composition of the costs of individual units of the entity and ensuring coverage of these costs by the resources of the enterprise to achieve the ultimate goal of the entity – to obtain maximum profit at minimum cost, taking into account both internal and external factors. The role of budgeting for industrial enterprises, its main purpose, the list of entities involved in budgeting, as well as the fundamental criteria for budgeting were clarified. Based on the generalization of a number of the most important criteria for the company, the possible types of budgets as well as their advantages and specifics of use depending on the objectives of the entity were generalized and described. The analysis of the basic stages of budgeting which are carried out in the course of activity of the is enterprise carried out, terms of writing and representation of budgets on an example of the monthly, quarterly and annual financial period are considered. It is determined that the budgeting system is a tool of internal financial planning and control, which significantly increases the efficiency of financial management of the enterprise, preventing the irrational use of financial resources both at the planning stage and at the stage of control over their use. Given the lack of established norms and rules for budgeting in the enterprise, optimizing the organization of the budgeting process and the effectiveness of financial planning are the tasks of the internal system of corporate governance.

STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONAL APPROACH TO IDENTIFICATION OF RESPONSIBLE INVESTMENT

Numerous environmental problems, the consequences of the financial crisis, the aggravation of social issues (such as poverty, unemployment, other consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic etc) cause the need for the evolution of financial instruments in the field of investment. The main requirement is a reasonable investment, which involves focusing not only on financial benefits but also to promote social, environmental and economic (or sustainable) development. This work is devoted to the use of structural and functional approach to the identification of responsible investment. This allows us to consider such an investment concept as a complex system formed of interconnected functional elements. To do this, the author conducted a study of the essence of responsible investing and its main criteria. These primarily include consideration of various environmental, social and managerial factors (ESG-factors) in making management decisions. The next step is to analyze the approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to determine the main forms of responsible investment. Based on this, the stage formation of the concept of responsible investing is formed in the work. At the initial stage, there is the use of various forms of responsible investing, depending on the purpose of investors and the period time: ethical, green, thematic, impact investing. In the second stage, the idea of socially responsible investment was developed, and later - sustainable investment. The final stage is the allocation of responsible investment as a separate integrated concept that meets modern requirements. To better understand the distinction between certain forms of responsible investment in the work, their gradation depending on the orientation on financial or social goals has been studied. The study is theoretical and involved the use of general scientific methods: structural and functional approach, analysis and synthesis, grouping and logical generalization. The provisions formed in the article allow forming a theoretical basis within the research, which will be used for further work in this direction.

SALES-MANAGEMENT AS А ONE OF THE KEY DIRECTIONS OF MODERN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT

Today the sale of goods and services is one of the most popular and relevant activities in the world. In this context, scientists and practitioners study the skills, abilities and competencies of specialists in this field. In companies working in the field of sales of goods and services, special attention is paid to the development of a motivational system for sales managers in order to increase their productivity. The theoretical and scientific and methodological approaches to improving the management system of a company operating in the field of sales have been investigated in the paper. The main directions and types of sales have been determined, the modern tools of effective sales have been revealed taking into account the experience of one of the leading companies in the field of sales. Also, the special attention is paid to the business characteristics and personal qualities of a successful sales manager. The business processes for the incoming line manager have been described as an algorithm. The processes of management of sales departments of enterprises have been studied on the basis of the use of system analysis. An approach to determining the efficiency of sales managers has been proposed, on the basis of which the formation of an annual matrix of sales managers' efficiency has been envisaged. The main reasons for the loss of quality requests and orders have been identified. The approach to personnel management of trade enterprises has been offered and the necessity of conducting analytical control of sales, management of interconnected processes as a single stream for effective work have been substantiated. The directions of increase of efficiency of work of sales department, by reduction of time for processing of inquiries, introduction of administrative actions have been defined. The possibility of increasing the company's income by increasing the quality of work of each employee of the sales department has been identified. A system of motivation for sales professionals according to their levels has been proposed: financial motivation (I level), financial and non-financial motivation (II level), promotion of sales managers (III level), providing creative freedom in work and the ability to make decisions in company management ( IV level). In turn, the motivation package should take into account the level of rejection of the order for each manager. At the same time the directions of sales should be taken into account: B2B sales, B2D sales, B2C sales, D2C sales.

PUBLIC HEALTH SYSTEM IN INCLUSIVE REGION GROWTH

The article explores the concept of inclusive development of regions, emphasizing the study of the formation and maintenance of a stable level of public health in the scientific literature. For bibliographic analysis, complex scientometric databases Scopus and Dimensions were used to analyze a set of publications formed according to specific criteria using the software tool VOSviewer. The visualization method was used to visualize the obtained results. The search in scientometric databases was carried out by the criterion of the title of the publication, the content of its annotation and keywords. The analysis showed that the main research clusters form groups of scientists' publications from the United States, Great Britain, Australia, and Canada. The small number of publications, but their growth dynamics and the increasing number of citations (according to Google Scholar) indicate a lack of study of inclusive growth in the region in the public health management system and the prospects for its exploration by scientists. According to the analysis, the interest of scientists in solving the problem of public health in ensuring regional development increased in 2020-2021. Much of the publications relate to such areas of knowledge as business, management and accounting. The main areas of research on public health in the development of the regions include the provision of medical services, the health care system, social determinants of health, and the population's state of health. Scientific clusters are gradually being formed around these keywords. The obtained results of the bibliographic analysis form the basis for a better understanding of public health issues, the search for gaps, the solution of which should be worked on in further research. Particular attention is paid to the issue of the COVID-19 pandemic as a crisis-forming factor that hinders the movement of regional development in a promising direction and ensuring the resilience of the system. It is substantiated that the health factor is essential in forming a robust human potential of the country and the growth of labor productivity.

THE IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MARKET CAPITAL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TOURIST INDUSTRY: EXPERIENCE OF THE EU AND OTHER COUNTRIES

With the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, the tourism industry faced a crisis that could be the worst in history. In recent years, the tourism industry has been one of the fastest-growing industries, sometimes faster than the world economy as a whole. 2019 has brought unprecedented changes to the world order, affecting all socio-ecological and economic ties. What are the consequences of and will have global tourism in connection with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, which countries and regions of the world will suffer the greatest losses, what threatens and what are the benefits of the tourism crisis that will bring a "new order" to the tourism industry, what innovative management anti-crisis measures should be applied by world governments and non-governmental organizations to overcome the unprecedented tourism crisis - all these issues remain acute and have identified the research topic. The paper examines the methodological developments and recommendations for overcoming the tourism crisis in Europe caused by the pandemic virus COVID-19, namely, the article identifies the basics and consequences of the pandemic impact on market capital on the example of tourism in Europe and the world, shows that the global tourism industry is one of the main factors in the formation of market capital, studied market capital as a component of intellectual capital on the example of tourism in the EU, outlined the prospects for global tourism, developed a system of measures to overcome the global crisis through tourism SWOT-analysis. Namely: enhanced multilateral cooperation and strong support are important for the resumption of tourism; the speed of adaptation of governments at all levels and the private sector involved in the tourism sector and the ability to respond quickly and adapt to the crisis; providing targeted and affordable government support as quickly and efficiently as possible for vulnerable tourism enterprises, workers and tourists; ensuring policy clarity and taking measures to limit uncertainty; invention and development of more sustainable and sustainable (socio-ecological-economic) models of tourism; development of tourism education and legislation.

ROAD MAP FOR CREATION OF NEW ENERGY NETWORKS USING SMART TECHNOLOGIES AT THE REGIONAL LEVEL

Today large amounts of energy resources are needed to meet public needs. In the era of industrialization, when the solution of production problems, and the functioning of households was due to the active extraction of the Earth's interior, the level of reserves of non-renewable resources has decreased significantly, which led to the deterioration of the ecological state of the planet. This situation encourages the search for and transition to the energy production, which is based on a alternative sources as norms of social life. A promising direction to achieve this goal is the widespread introduction of smart grids. The article explores the idea, principles and components that are part of the structure of smart systems. The advantages of their introduction into the energy sphere of a country's economy are also highlighted. To study the prospects for renewal of the energy sector and productive implementation of intelligent technologies, it is necessary to study the experience of other countries on this issue. The index of energy infrastructure functionality was chosen as a criterion when measuring energy efficiency indicators. Among the list of countries, most leaders have high economic development and the right choice of resources, which was the reason for success. Despite the potential and need, the use of renewable resources in the creation of energy causes an increase in the amplitude of fluctuations in voltage levels and increase the probability of differences. The solution to this problem will be the use of smart meters. A number of countries have already decided to the introduction of this technology. A necessary element of the effective implementation of the experience of countries is the creation of the necessary conditions to change some points in energy policy. A key element in the development of smart grids should be the road map, which is a normative document with a set of actions, processes and stakeholders to agree on strategic and tactical components. The use of road maps is quite common and has certain advantages. The paper highlights the roadmap for the creation of smart energy networks in Ukraine, which was developed taking into account certain restrictions existing within the country. The problems that may arise in the implementation of this plan are indicated. Based on the planned structure of electricity generation for 2021, proposed by the Ministry of Energy of Ukraine, the sources of electricity production were considered and the factors. A promising way of development is the use and implementation of technologies used in the creation of smart energy supply networks.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND VISUALIZED ANALYSIS OF INTERNET THINGS IN BUSINESS

The article reflects the results of processing of bibliographic data presented in the Scopus database, filtered using the following keywords: ‘Internet of Things’ and ‘Business’. The main purpose of the study is to analyze scientific publications, review their structure and their dynamics using the data visualizing tool VOSviewer. This bibliographic analysis aims to simplify the understanding of the processed material through visualization. In total, the data of 6108 scientific publications were analyzed during the study. The period of active increase in publishing activity is the period from 2010 to 2019, with a significant increase in the total number of works every year. After facing difficulties in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic, publication activity declined for the first time in 2020, but the indicators of the beginning of 2021 predict a resumption of the course to increase the number of works in this area. Experts from 112 countries are working on research on this topic, but despite the quantitative indicators of published materials, the leading countries are America, China and the United Kingdom. The result of keyword analysis was the opportunity to identify the main trends in research, namely: cloud computing, information management, network security, Industry 4.0 and more. The article generates a model for visually displaying the significance of keywords and their relationship to each other. The analysis resulted in the construction of a cluster model and the identification of six main areas of research on the Internet of Things technology. It is established that most scientific works on this topic are devoted to the following topics: application of technologies in production and management; research of communication and energy efficiency problems; working on the Internet; using cloud technologies and working with data sets; solving security and personal data protection issues; Smart technologies (smart homes and devices). Thanks to practical data visualization tools, it is possible not only to monitor trend areas but also to find problematic and most unexplored research areas.

MOTIVATION OF CIVIL SERVICE IN UKRAINE

The article is devoted to the actual issues of the civil service reform in the direction of motivating the civil service, where a personal interest of a public servant is the key to the success of execution of the government tasks that are necessary to perform state functions at the appropriate professional level. An analysis of the existing features of the motivation of the civil service, which are determined in accordance with current regulations in Ukraine, was performed. The possibilities of improving the modern civil service as part of effective public administration by forming effective proposals, which are based on the analysis of the experience of European countries, were identified. The analysis of the legislative and regulatory framework in the field of civil service revealed problematic issues regarding the unequal of the financial remuneration of employees. The current state of ensuring the remuneration of civil servants was assessed. The formation of the salary of employees with mandatory and incentive payments in relation to the minimum wage in the country as of December 2020 was analyzed. Intangible motivations, such as positive honors (awards) for achievements in the professional activity of civil servants, offering remote work, and encouraging employees with corporate culture, which can be used by the head of the civil service office to create a favorable positive atmosphere. Contrary, in certain situations in a public body, negative incentives, e.g. punishment for improper performance of duties or inaction, were investigated. The peculiarities of the motivation of the civil service in Ukraine were identified taking into account experience of France in building a career matrix for the promotion of civil servants in public administration. Shortcomings in the practical components of the application of motivation in working with staff are partially revealed. The directions of reforming and methodical approaches of the civil service in terms of motivation were suggested. The ways of solving and improving the mechanisms of realization of the state policy in the sphere of civil service, namely the improvement of the system of motivation of civil servants were offered. The practical components of motivation were revealed, new mechanisms for improving the implementation of civil service reform were proposed.

MIGRATION INTENTIONS OF SCIENTISTS OF UKRAINE

The article presents analytical materials of the survey, which was aimed at identifying the migration sentiments of Ukrainian scientists, as well as recommendations for mitigating the impact of migration processes on the economy of Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to identify various factors influencing the migration intentions of Ukrainian scientists and to develop practical recommendations for leveling their negative effects. The article contains information on gender, age and professional characteristics of those scientists who intend to leave Ukraine. The key issue of the study is the expectations of Ukrainian scientists about the reality of employment in a foreign research institution or university. The attitude of respondents to migration in terms of their intentions to carry out scientific or educational activities is considered. The study found that some scientists are ready to leave Ukraine even if they carry out activities not related to science or education. In addition, the results of the research showed the scientists' plans to return to Ukraine after the visit for 1) scientific and educational purposes, 2) the purpose of employment in another field, 3) the purpose of permanent residence. The survey found that a significant proportion of respondents found it difficult to answer questions related to migration, indicating their intention to stay in the country. The study also contains information on the impact of mobility for educational or scientific purposes. Thus, the results of the survey indicate the presence of the impact of scientific mobility on the effectiveness of scientists. The analysis of the data allowed to formulate evidence based recommendations for the development of state migration policy, which would be aimed more at attracting talent from abroad. Therefore, research institutions, universities, R&D centers should work intensively in this direction. Moreover, local businesses may also be in demand for such staff. In this regard, it is recommended that universities and research institutions focus on finding such needs and formulate their staffing proposals. In order to increase the efficiency of mobility, free economic zones and research institutions should develop incentives and create conditions for the implementation of foreign experience in their organizations. In addition, the purpose of scientific mobility should be consistent with the development strategy of the institution that sends the scientist abroad for scientific or educational mobility.