scholarly journals Structure and Ontology in Nonlocal Readings of Adjectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 65-99
Author(s):  
Marcin Morzycki
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Aberrant Behavior ◽  
Compositional Semantics ◽  
Semantic Type ◽  
Way Of Thinking ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
The Right

AbstractIn certain uses, adjectives appear to make the semantic contribution normally associated with adverbs. These readings are often thought to be a peripheral phenomenon, restricted to one corner of the grammar and just a handful of lexical items. I’ll argue that it’s actually considerably more general than is often recognized, and that it admits two fundamentally different modes of explanation: in terms of the syntactic machinery that undergirds these structures and in terms of the ontology of the objects manipulated by its semantics. Both modes of explanation have been suggested for some of the puzzles in this domain, and I’ll argue both are necessary. With respect to adjectives including average and occasional, the key insight is that their lexical semantics is fundamentally about kinds. But to arrive at a more general theory of adverbial readings, it is also necessary to further articulate the compositional semantics. In this spirit, I’ll argue that these adjectives actually have the semantic type of quantificational determiners like every. If this way of thinking about adverbial readings is on the right track, it instantiates a means by which these two distinct modes of explanation—and the distinct aspects of cognition they may ultimately be associated with—both play a crucial role in bringing about the apparently aberrant behavior of this class of adjectives.

scholarly journals I can't believe it's not lexical: Deriving distributed veridicality

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 665
Author(s):  
Tom Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Lexical Items ◽  
Clausal Negation ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clausal Complements ◽  
Excluded Middle ◽  
Linguistic Material

Given the assumption that selection is a strictly local relationship between a head and its complement, we expect the ability of a head to take a particular argument to be insensitive to linguistic material above that head. The verb believe poses a puzzle under this view: while believe ordinarily only permits declarative clausal complements, interrogative complements are allowed when believe occurs under clausal negation and can or will, and a veridical reading becomes available. I argue that this provides evidence that believe is not simply a standard Hintikkan representational belief verb, but rather is fundamentally question-embedding,and that the verb's lexical semantics, including an excluded middle presupposition, interact with the modal and negation to derive the veridicality of can't believe. I conclude that veridicality need not be lexical: the right mix of semantic ingredients can conspire to yield a veridical interpretation, even if those ingredients are distributed across multiple lexical items.

ANALISIS YURIDIS PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI BLORA TENTANG DUALISME KEPENGURUSAN YAYASAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM KARTAYUDA YANG AKTA PENDIRIANNYA DIBUAT OLEH DAN DIHADAPAN NOTARIS (Studi Kasus Putusan Perkara PN Blora No. 34/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Bla)

Jurnal Akta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 463
Author(s):  
Muslim Ansori ◽  
Akhmad Khisni
Keyword(s):  
Private Schools ◽  
Education System ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Legal Entity ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Right

With the enactment of the Education System Act no 20 of 2003 (better known as the Sisdiknas Act), the State has determined that educational institutions should have a legal umbrella in the form of a legal entity, or better known as the Legal Entity Education. As a non-profit organization, the Foundation is the right legal entity that becomes a place for educational institutions, especially private schools. Therefore, of course, Notary has a very crucial role in making notary deed in the form of establishment and deed of change, such as example how in making the right basic budget and not multi interpresatasi for stake holders in the foundation. Therefore, the role of function and authority of the organ of the foundation must be clearly stated in the articles of association, so as not to cause a dispute in the future.KEYWORDS: Notaries, Foundation, Organ Foundation,

Adversarial Medical and Scientific Testimony and Lay Jurors: A Proposal for Medical Malpractice Reform

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 281-300
Author(s):  
Jody Weisberg Menon
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Legal System ◽  
Medical Malpractice ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Malpractice Reform ◽  
The Right ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Scientific Testimony

Pleas for reform of the legal system are common. One area of the legal system which has drawn considerable scholarly attention is the jury system. Courts often employ juries as fact-finders in civil cases according to the Seventh Amendment of the Constitution: “In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved … .” The general theory behind the use of juries is that they are the most capable fact-finders and the bestsuited tribunal for arriving at the most accurate and just outcomes. This idea, however, has been under attack, particularly by those who claim that cases involving certain difficult issues or types of evidence are an inappropriate province for lay jurors who typically have no special background or experience from which to make informed, fair decisions.The legal system uses expert witnesses to assist triers of fact in understanding issues which are beyond their common knowledge or difficult to comprehend.

scholarly journals EL DERECHO A PROBAR EN EL PROCEDIMIENTO DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y SANCIÓN DEL HOSTIGAMIENTO SEXUAL: ¿UNA GARANTÍA RECORTADA?

2020 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
LUIS MARTÍN BRAVO SENMACHE
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Due Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legislative Reform ◽  
Due Process Of Law ◽  
The Right

Con base en la teoría general del proceso, la investigación determina que en el Procedimiento de Investigación y Sanción del Hostigamiento Sexual (PISHS)es identificable la estructura del contradictorio, por lo que su naturaleza es la de un proceso. Sin embargo, la revisión del tratamiento normativo que el PISHS ha dedicado al derecho a la prueba de la parte acusada pone en evidencia que, en la estructura de dicho proceso, el contradictorio no ha sido implementado más que parcialmente, dado que su dimensión sustancial (específicamente, el poder de influencia) no ha sido cabalmente asegurada a favor del presunto/a hostigador/a. Dos escenarios se erigen como posible solución al problema: uno a través de la vía de hecho (preferencia del principio del debido proceso) y otro mediante la reforma legislativa del art. 17.2 del reglamento. Based on the general theory of the process, the investigation determines that in the Investigation and Sanction Procedure for Sexual Harassment (PISHS) the structure of the contradictory is identifiable, so its nature is that of a process. However, the review of the normative treatment that the PISHS has dedicated to the right to proof of the accused party shows that, in the structure of said process, the contradictory has only been partially implemented, given that its substantial dimension (specifically, the power of influence) has not been fully secured in favor of the alleged harasser. Two scenariosare erected as a possible solution to the problem: one through the facto route (preference for the principle of due process of law) and the other through the legislative reform of the art. 17.2 of the reglament.

States' Procedural Obligations Regarding Private Military and Security Companies' Activities

2017 ◽  
pp. 302-336
Author(s):  
Zafeiris Tsiftzis
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
International Human Rights Law ◽  
Human Rights Law ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
International Human Rights ◽  
Human Rights Abuses ◽  
International Human ◽  
The Right ◽  
Security Companies

A lot of attention has been paid by the international community to the responsibility of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) and to the prevention of human rights abuses committed their employees. The non-binding nature of the existing international initiatives with respect to PMSCs requests the human rights law to play a crucial role to the regulation of PMSCs and their employees during operations. This article examines the States' procedural obligation under international human rights law with regard to allegations of the right to life and the prohibition of torture. Moreover, it assesses the application of the jurisprudence of human rights bodies over the activities of PMSCs, whilst it focuses on the obligations of States to prevent and investigate human rights allegations committed by PMSCs' employees. Above all, this article advocates that human rights law has a significant role in the regulation of PMSCs and the prevention of the commission of human rights violations by PMSCs and their employees.

Unions and Democracy

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-372
Author(s):  
Karen Nussbaum
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Union Member ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Civic Life ◽  
The Right

Unions are recognized for building a strong middle class. But the importance of unions to maintaining a strong democracy is less understood. This article explores the connection between the decline of unions and the rise of the right; provides examples of the effect of union member engagement in political engagement; and makes the case that changes in policy and new organizing can restore the crucial role of unions in civic life.

On the Right Hamiltonian for Singular Perturbations: General Theory

1997 ◽  
Vol 09 (05) ◽  
pp. 609-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hagen Neidhardt ◽  
Valentin Zagrebnov
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Symmetric Operator ◽  
Stability Domain ◽  
Bounded Operators ◽  
Friedrichs Extension ◽  
Abstract Problem ◽  
Dense Domain ◽  
Adjoint Extension ◽  
The Right ◽  
Adjoint Operators

Let the pair of self-adjoint operators {A≥0,W≤0} be such that: (a) there is a dense domain [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is semibounded from below (stability domain), (b) the symmetric operator [Formula: see text] is not essentially self-adjoint (singularity of the perturbation), (c) the Friedrichs extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] is maximal with respect to W, i.e., [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] be a regularizing sequence of bounded operators which tends in the strong resolvent sense to W. The abstract problem of the right Hamiltonian is: (i) to give conditions such that the limit H of self-adjoint regularized Hamiltonians [Formula: see text] exists and is unique for any self-adjoint extension [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], (ii) to describe the limit H. We show that under the conditions (a)–(c) there is a regularizing sequence [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] tends in the strong resolvent sense to unique (right Hamiltonian) [Formula: see text], otherwise the limit is not unique.

The Urban Environment

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara A. Hanawalt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Social Divisions ◽  
The Right ◽  
Physical Features ◽  
Ceremonial Life ◽  
The City

London’s civic world included the Thames and the city walls, the main market (Cheapside), the Guildhall, major churches, wards, and parishes, the physical features that had a role in the city’s ceremonial life. Social divisions played a crucial role in urban life. To be “free of the city” (citizens or freemen) was a franchise limited to those who completed apprenticeships or bought the right. The number of freemen was a small fraction of the population, and among them, the members of the elite who governed was even smaller. London’s society was hierarchical at every level, with elites taking leadership positions in government and in the gilds. Londoners were loyal and curious about their history. They kept books with stories of its creation and major events and documents. The proximity of the Tower on one side and Westminster on the other were influential in London’s relationship with the crown.

scholarly journals Congruences induced by transitive representations of inverse semigroups

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Petrich ◽  
Stuart Rankin
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Inverse Semigroup ◽  
Symmetric Group ◽  
Transitive Group ◽  
Inverse Semigroups ◽  
Group Representations ◽  
Symmetric Inverse Semigroup ◽  
The Right ◽  
Special Case

Transitive group representations have their analogue for inverse semigroups as discovered by Schein [7]. The right cosets in the group case find their counterpart in the right ω-cosets and the symmetric inverse semigroup plays the role of the symmetric group. The general theory developed by Schein admits a special case discovered independently by Ponizovskiǐ [4] and Reilly [5]. For a discussion of this topic, see [1, §7.3] and [2, Chapter IV].

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