Apical Dominance and Vascularization

2021 ◽  
pp. 131-139
Author(s):  
Roni Aloni
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance

scholarly journals Release of Apical Dominance in Potato Tuber Is Accompanied by Programmed Cell Death in the Apical Bud Meristem

2012 ◽  
Vol 158 (4) ◽  
pp. 2053-2067 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Teper-Bamnolker ◽  
Yossi Buskila ◽  
Yael Lopesco ◽  
Shifra Ben-Dor ◽  
Inbal Saad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Potato Tuber ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Apical Bud

Regulation of cell reproduction in bud meristems of Tradescantia paludosa

1973 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyu-Byung Yun ◽  
J. M. Naylor
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Mitotic Cycle ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Apparent Absence ◽  
Cell Reproduction ◽  
Terminal Bud ◽  
Terminal Buds ◽  
Regulation Of Growth ◽  
Tradescantia Paludosa

The mitotic cycle can be arrested in the apical summit of vegetative terminal buds of Tradescantia paludosa by restricting the level of nitrogen or light available to the plant. Cells in this portion of the bud are much more sensitive to these stress conditions than those in the subjacent portion of the meristem. This differential response induced the establishment of a quiescent "central zone" which is distinguished from the rest of the meristem by the apparent absence of mitosis and DNA synthesis, larger nuclear volume, and a lower histone content of chromatin. These features are identical with those imposed by apical dominance in apices of inhibited lateral buds.The results support the view that competition for nutrients is an important causal factor in apical dominance. They suggest also that competition for nutrients within the terminal bud meristem is important in the regulation of growth in vegetative shoots in respones to conditions of the environment.

Meristem allocation and life-history evolution in herbaceous plants

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen P. Bonser ◽  
Lonnie W. Aarssen
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Life History Evolution ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
History Evolution ◽  
Meristem Allocation ◽  
Branching Intensity ◽  
Iteroparous Species

Generalisations of life histories in plants are often framed in terms of allocation to reproduction. For example, relative allocation to reproduction is commonly found to be higher in semelparous than in iteroparous plant species. However, the association between vegetative traits and life history has been largely unexplored. In higher plants, reproductive and vegetative function can be measured in terms of meristem allocation. Under this approach, two vegetative traits (apical dominance (the suppression of axillary meristem development) and branching intensity (the commitment of axillary meristems to branches)) can be measured as well as one reproductive trait (reproductive effort). We used phylogenetically independent contrasts to compare reproductive and vegetative function in annual semelparous and perennial iteroparous species. Twenty congeneric species pairs (each species pair represented by one semelparous and one iteroparous species) across nine families were selected based on availability of herbarium specimens. Semelparous life-history evolution was associated with higher reproductive effort. Conversely, iteroparous life-history evolution was associated with higher apical dominance. Branching intensity was not associated with life history. An evolutionary association between life history and apical dominance but not branching intensity suggests a complex relationship between allocation to vegetative traits and the evolution of plant strategies across environments.

Cost of apical dominance in two monocarpic herbs, Erysimum strictum and Rhinanthus minor

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (5) ◽  
pp. 591-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari-Pekka Huhta ◽  
Juha Tuomi ◽  
Pasi Rautio
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Branch Development ◽  
Rhinanthus Minor ◽  
Delayed Flowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Number Of Branches

Apical dominance is advantageous in conditions favoring rapid growth in height and unbranched architecture. The cost of apical dominance, on the other hand, should be expressed in conditions where fecundity increases along with an increasing number of branches. Apical damage can be used to measure such costs: when suppressed meristems are released from apical inhibition, the vegetative and reproductive productivity of initially unbranched plants should increase owing to the regrowth and increased branch development following damage. We studied these regrowth responses in two monocarpic herbs, Erysimum strictum P. Gaertn., B. Mey., and Scherb. and Rhinanthus minor L., after both apical damage (10% of the shoot cut) and more extensive damage (50 and 75% cutting). Both species tolerated apical damage, although severe damage had detrimental effects on the performance of both, especially R. minor. Apical damage had positive effects on most of the measured performance parameters of Erysimum. However, the success of seed germination collapsed, presumably due to delayed flowering and less successful pollination. The response was parallel in Rhinanthus; apical damage affected neither the vegetative biomass nor fecundity, but heavier damage, especially 75% clipping, led to severe reductions in most performance measures. The differences in regrowth responses are presumably due to the different habitat requirements of the species. Rhinanthus prefers relatively dense vegetation and starts to branch and produce flowers after a certain threshold in height has been reached, whereas Erysimum prefers gaps in vegetation. In this species, unbranched architecture may be favored in closed vegetation and branched architecture in less competitive habitats. In both species, fruit production correlated positively with the number of branches in both control and clipped plants, which is consistent with the assumption of the cost of apical dominance.Key words: apical dominance, competition, damage, meristem, overcompensation, regrowth.

scholarly journals Media composition affects seed dormancy, apical dominance and phenolic profile of Knautia sarajevensis (Dipsacaceae), Bosnian endemic

2018 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erna Karalija ◽  
Sanja Ćavar Zeljković ◽  
Petr Tarkowski ◽  
Edina Muratović ◽  
Adisa Parić
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Shoot Proliferation ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
High Concentrations

AbstractKnautia sarajevensisis an endemic plant of the Dinaric Alps and is mainly distributed on Bosnian Mountains. Due to the quite large flower heads and easy maintenance, this plant has a potential use as a substitute ornamental plant forK. arvensisin perennial beds. The current study evaluated the germination process in different treatments in an attempt to suppress dormancy and increase germination rate, and to develop a successful protocol for micropropagation. An over 60% germination rate was achieved through cultivation of seeds on MS basal medium with reduced mineral nutrient composition and the absence of sucrose. On the other hand, a below 10% germination rate was achieved with untreated seeds. Suppression of apical dominance was achieved through application of high concentrations of kinetin, apical shoot decapitation or cultivation of shoots in liquid media. Overall, liquid cultures were more successful as a micropropagation system for this plant. Shoots spontaneously developed roots on multiplication treatments and were successfully acclimatized. Moreover, phenolic compound profile was analysed in the light of the possible medicinal potential of this plant. Variable amounts of total phenolic compounds as well as individual phenolics were recorded, according to treatment and solidification of media. An increase in rosmarinic acid content was reported for kinetin treatments and acclimatized plants comparing to mother plants in natural habitat. The present study shows that choice of cytokinin concentration, explant type as well as culture type influences not only shoot proliferation and apical dominance suppression but alsoin vitroproduction of phenolics.

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