Changes in the water status and rheological characteristics of pea seedling axillary buds during their transitions growth-dormancy-growth in apical dominance

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. Kotov ◽  
L. M. Kotova
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Rheological Characteristics ◽  
Pea Seedling

scholarly journals Brassinosteroid signaling integrates multiple pathways to release apical dominance in tomato

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. e2004384118
Author(s):  
Xiaojian Xia ◽  
Han Dong ◽  
Yanling Yin ◽  
Xuewei Song ◽  
Xiaohua Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Plant Architecture ◽  
Response Regulator ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Type B ◽  
Apical Bud ◽  
Brassinosteroid Signaling ◽  
Bud Removal

The control of apical dominance involves auxin, strigolactones (SLs), cytokinins (CKs), and sugars, but the mechanistic controls of this regulatory network are not fully understood. Here, we show that brassinosteroid (BR) promotes bud outgrowth in tomato through the direct transcriptional regulation of BRANCHED1 (BRC1) by the BR signaling component BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1). Attenuated responses to the removal of the apical bud, the inhibition of auxin, SLs or gibberellin synthesis, or treatment with CK and sucrose, were observed in bud outgrowth and the levels of BRC1 transcripts in the BR-deficient or bzr1 mutants. Furthermore, the accumulation of BR and the dephosphorylated form of BZR1 were increased by apical bud removal, inhibition of auxin, and SLs synthesis or treatment with CK and sucrose. These responses were decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant. In addition, CK accumulation was inhibited by auxin and SLs, and decreased in the DELLA-deficient mutant, but it was increased in response to sucrose treatment. CK promoted BR synthesis in axillary buds through the action of the type-B response regulator, RR10. Our results demonstrate that BR signaling integrates multiple pathways that control shoot branching. Local BR signaling in axillary buds is therefore a potential target for shaping plant architecture.

Studies on the growth and development of Agropyron repens: interacting effects of humidity, calcium, and nitrogen on growth of the rhizome apex and lateral buds

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427-1432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Apical Growth ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
N Supply ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Agropyron Repens

A previous investigation of apical dominance in the rhizome of Agropyron repens showed that keeping the rhizome in a high humidity promoted the outgrowth of the lateral buds but strongly inhibited the growth of the rhizome apex. A study of these related responses demonstrated that the inhibition of apical growth was not prevented by excision of the lateral buds and was also induced when only the apex of the rhizome received the high humidity treatment. The necrotic lesions that developed in the arrested apices and the reduction of apical inhibition produced by various Ca treatments indicated that the inhibition of apical growth was caused by Ca deficiency. When the rhizome apex was exposed to low humidity, a localized high-humidity treatment of the lateral buds did not release the buds from apical dominance in low-N rhizomes but strongly promoted bud growth at a higher N level. When growth of the buds was induced at low humidity by increasing the N supply, the increase in bud weight was preceded by an increase in the water content of the bud when expressed on a dry weight basis. These results agree with those of previous investigations and suggest that the interacting effects of N and humidity on the water status of the buds may play a significant role in the mechanism of apical dominance.

Growth of dormant buds on severed rhizomes of Calamagrostis canadensis

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Powelson ◽  
V. J. Lieffers
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Regeneration Potential ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Calamagrostis Canadensis ◽  
Lateral Buds ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Shoot Base

The regeneration potential and dormancy of lateral buds on rhizome segments near the parent shoot base or the distal rhizome apex of Calamagrostis canadensis were assessed. Apical and basal segments of various length, with and without the parental shoot base or rhizome apex attached, were planted 1 cm deep in loam soil. When the apex or base was attached axillary buds on the rhizome usually remained dormant. When the parental shoot base was excised, the bud closest to the rhizome base was more likely to sprout than more distal buds. When the apex was excised from the apical segments, more axillary buds emerged but no priority of bud development arose. Buds near the apex position generally had a higher frequency of sprouting than buds adjacent to the parental base. Rhizome segments adjacent to the apex were heavier and had a higher nonstructural carbohydrate content than rhizome segments adjacent to the parental base. Key words: Calamagrostis canadensis, rhizome, dormancy, apical dominance, competition

scholarly journals Auxin flow-mediated competition between axillary buds to restore apical dominance

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Balla ◽  
Zuzana Medveďová ◽  
Petr Kalousek ◽  
Natálie Matiješčuková ◽  
Jiří Friml ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Axillary Buds

Etude cinétique de quelques événements lies à une levée de dominance apicale par décapitation ou ablation de l'axe principal à différents niveaux chez la Tomate, Lycopersicum esculentum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-294
Author(s):  
Kim Anh Ha Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Main Axis ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Lycopersicum Esculentum ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Different Levels

In intact tomato plants, axillary buds are completely inhibited by the main apex. A release from apical dominance is obtained by decapitation or excision of the main axis at different levels. These excisions lead to a wave of mitotic reactivation along the main stem which progresses in the basipetal way and is followed by an activation of axillary bud in the acropetal direction, from the base to the axillary bud apex. After release from apical dominance, axillary buds don't react equally. There is a basipetal gradient of their capacity of outgrowth. In the younger subapical axillary buds, mitotic reactivation is the first step observed (after 3 h); the cellular elongation occurs after 3–6 h, and foliar organogenesis begins only after 24 h. The basal axillary buds are reactivated much later. Adult leaves don't play any role on their axiliaries: the total defoliation of the plant does not lead to the outgrowth of all the axillary or cotyledonary buds.

Changes in abscisic acid and indole-3-acetic acid in axillary buds of Elytrigia repens released from apical dominance

1995 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Pearce ◽  
John S. Taylor ◽  
J. Mason Robertson ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Edward J. Daly
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

scholarly journals Cytokinins and polar transport of auxin in axillary pea buds

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kalousek ◽  
Dagmar Buchtová ◽  
Jozef Balla ◽  
Vilém Reinöhl ◽  
Stanislav Procházka
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Polar Auxin Transport ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Polar Transport ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
Intact Plants ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Basal Pole ◽  
Auxin Carrier

The influence of cytokinin on auxin transport during release of axillary buds from apical dominance was studied. Expression of auxin-carrier coding genes PsAUX1 (AUXIN RESISTANT 1) and PsPIN1 (PIN-FORMED 1) was explored in axillary buds of the 2nd node of 7-day pea plants (Pisum sativum L.) cv. Vladan after decapitation or after exogenous application of benzyladenine (6-benzylaminopurine) onto axillary buds of intact plants. Localization of the PsPIN1 protein, the key factor for polar transport of auxin in axillary buds, was visualised by immunohistochemistry. After exogenous application of cytokinin the expression of PsAUX1 and PsPIN1 rapidly increased with a simultaneous rapid decrease in PsDRM1 and PsAD1 expression – genes related to bud dormancy. The same changes in expression were observed after decapitation, however they were markedly slower. The PsPIN1 auxin efflux carrier in the inhibited axillary buds of intact plants was localised in a non-polar manner. After exogenous application of cytokinin gradual polarisation of the PsPIN1 protein occurred on the basal pole of polar auxin transport competent cells. Despite the fact that direct auxin application to buds of intact plants led to an increase in PsAUX1 and PsPIN1 expression, the buds remained dormant (non-growing) what was accompanied by persistent expression of the dormancy markers PsDRM1 and PsAD1. The results indicate a possible effect of cytokinins on biosynthesis, and/or transport of auxin in axillary buds and they highlight the importance of auxin-cytokinin crosstalk in the regulation of bud outgrowth after breaking of apical dominance.

Apical Dominance in Rhizomes of Quackgrass (Elytrigia repens): Inhibitory Effect of Scale Leaves

Weed Science ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Mason Robertson ◽  
John S. Taylor ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Robert N. Pocock ◽  
Edward C. Yeung
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Leaf Removal ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Leaf Material ◽  
Elytrigia Repens ◽  
Promotive Effect ◽  
Bud Growth

Surgical experiments were conducted on cultured five-node apical rhizome segments of quackgrass. Removal of scale leaves promoted an initial burst of growth within the axillary buds but did not support the continued growth of buds as effectively as removal of the rhizome apex. Replacement of detached scale leaves over denuded buds temporarily repressed the promotive effect of scale leaf removal. Aqueous extracts of scale leaf material inhibited apical growth in rhizome segments but did not inhibit bud growth. Anatomical sections revealed that removal of scale leaves promoted development of buds: cells enlarged, vascular tissues differentiated, and new nodes began to form within 4 days of the removal of scale leaves. It is suggested that scale leaves contribute to apical dominance by inhibiting the initial development of axillary buds.

Development of Axillary Buds from Johnsongrass Rhizomes

Weed Science ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Beasley
Keyword(s):  
Apical Dominance ◽  
Axillary Buds ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Axillary Bud ◽  
Single Node ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Apical Meristems

Apical dominance, as maintained by above-ground foliage or individual rhizome apexes, is very marked in johnsongrass. (Sorghum halepense[L.] Pers.). Axillary bud development in single-node segments excised from individual rhizome pieces was least at the proximal end with increasing activity toward the distal end (apex end). Within serially excised, multi-node sections, axillary bud development was least at the proximal end and greatest at the distal end, and there was an overall increase in bud activity from proximal to distal ends of the rhizome pieces. This was true irrespective of whether the multi-node sections were cultured vertically (with buds oriented above the nodes) or were inverted (with buds oriented below the nodes). Lateral rhizomes exerted a dominating influence on the development of axillary buds from their parent rhizomes, as did the apical meristems of the parent rhizomes.

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