scholarly journals United States: The Uphill Schools’ Struggle

2020 ◽  
pp. 227-247
Author(s):  
Eric A. Hanushek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Choice ◽  
School Desegregation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Achievement Gaps ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Half Century ◽  
State Programs ◽  
National Tests

AbstractThe United States has seen generally flat performance on both international and national tests. Moreover, the achievement gaps between disadvantaged and more advantaged students have been large and constant for a half century. The remarkable aspect of these outcomes is that federal and state programs have changed significantly—considerably greater resources, added school choice, test-based accountability, and school desegregation. Because of the importance of skills for the economy, it is important that the schools improve, but there is no indication of finding the set of policies that will do this.

The Transition of the Presidency, 2020-2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-59
Author(s):  
Pfiffner James P.
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Change Leadership ◽  
Electoral College ◽  
Half Century ◽  
United State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Presidential Transitions ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half

The peaceful transition of power from one set of rulers to another is the essence of democracy. The United States has enjoyed the consensus that elections are the means to change leadership of the country for more than two centuries. The 2020-2021 transition of the presidency marks an exception to that consensus. President Trump refused to accept the reality of his 2020 defeat at the polls, despite the fact that Joe Biden won more than 7 million more votes than Trump and won the electoral college by a vote of 306 to 232. Trump declared that he had won the election and that his opponent, Joseph Biden, had conspired to steal the election through fraudulent ballots. This paper will briefly characterize the development of presidential transitions over the past half century. It will then examine the extensive efforts of President Trump to overturn the 2020 election that culminated in the volent attack on the United State Capitol on January 6, 2021. Finally, it will show how Trump tried to thwart the incoming Biden administration. It will conclude that Trump’s actions in 2020 and 2021 presented a serious threat to the American polity.

scholarly journals Cracks in the Melting Pot: Immigration, School Choice, and Segregation

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth U Cascio ◽  
Ethan G Lewis
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Public Schools ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Settlement Patterns ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
School Demographics ◽  
Skilled Immigration ◽  
Households With Children

We examine whether low-skilled immigration to the United States has contributed to immigrants' residential isolation by reducing native demand for public schools. We address endogeneity in school demographics using established Mexican settlement patterns in California and use a comparison group to account for immigration's broader effects. We estimate that between 1970 and 2000, the average California school district lost more than 14 non-Hispanic households with children to other districts in its metropolitan area for every 10 additional households enrolling low-English Hispanics in its public schools. By disproportionately isolating children, the native reaction to immigration may have longer-run consequences than previously thought. (JEL H75, I21, J15, J24, J61, R23)

Immigrant Students in the Trump Era: What We Know and Do Not Know

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Nguyen ◽  
Maraki Kebede
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School Choice ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Educational Experiences ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Transition ◽  
Deferred Action ◽  
Political Divide

The 2016 U.S. presidential election marked a time of deep political divide for the nation and resulted in an administrative transition that represented a drastic shift in values and opinions on several matters, including immigration. This article explores the implications of this political transition for immigrants’ K-16 educational experiences during President Trump’s administration. We revisit literature on school choice and the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA)—two policy areas where the most significant changes are expected to occur—as it pertains to immigrant students in the United States. We identify areas where there is limited scholarship, such as the unique educational experiences of various minority immigrant subgroups, the interplay between race and immigration status, and immigrant students in rural areas. Recommendations are made for policy and research.

The Neo/Bio/Colonial Hot Zone

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Lynch
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
African Origin ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Future Role ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Hot Zone

This article explores the proliferation of nonfiction narratives which warn of an impending global pandemic of African origin. Through a reading of four texts — Richard Preston's The Hot Zone, Laurie Garrett's The Coming Plague, Richard Kaplan's The Ends of the Earth, and Jeffrey Goldberg's ‘Our Africa Problem’ — the author argues that such pandemic narratives reflect unease about the United States' current and future role in Africa or other non-Western places, after a half-century of largely unsuccessful ‘development’. Second, plague tales reflect anxieties about environmental devastation in Africa and elsewhere. The article concludes that the most frightening aspect of these contemporary ‘plague tales' is the solutions they suggest to the ‘problem’ of a coming plague.

Causes of Changing Inequality in the United States

Inequality ◽  
2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
James K. Galbraith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social History ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Affluent Society

A half-century ago, the study of economic inequality was moribund in the United States. Indeed, in 1958 John Kenneth Galbraith noted in The Affluent Society that “few things are more evident in modern social history than the decline of interest in inequality...

The Last Half Century in the United States

NPPA Journal ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-414
Author(s):  
Ethel Miller Gorman ◽  
L.B. Stephens
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Half Century

The Failure of Spanish Florida

1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles W. Arnade
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Half Century ◽  
Spanish Florida ◽  
New Ideas

Hispanic Florida was characterized by one truth: it was a failure, from whatever angle you look at its history. Spain's efforts in Florida were unsuccessful. She pursued a policy of bankruptcy with regard to that land. In 1763 she readily turned Florida over to the English to get back Havana. Today's Cuban capital was worth the whole of Florida. When she came back in 1783 new ideas could not stem the tide of failure of Spain's first period and a half century later she again gave up Florida, this time to the United States.

scholarly journals The Savanna Theory of Happiness

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Kanazawa ◽  
Norman P. Li
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Ethnic Minority ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Seasonal Affective Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half

This chapter describes the savanna theory of happiness, which posits that it may not be only the consequences of a given situation in the current environment that affect individuals’ happiness but also what its consequences would have been in the ancestral environment. The theory further suggests that the effect of such ancestral consequences on happiness is stronger among less intelligent individuals than among more intelligent individuals. Consistent with the theory, being an ethnic minority, living in urban areas, and socializing with friends less frequently all reduce happiness, but the effects of these conditions are significantly stronger among less intelligent individuals than among more intelligent individuals. The theory can further explain why some individuals suffer from seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and why women’s level of happiness has steadily declined in the United States in the past half-century.

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