Smartness in the Built Environment: Smart Buildings and Smart Cities

Technology, particularly over the past decades, has affected the cities and their components, such as building sectors. Consequently, smart building that has currently utilized various technologies which is incorporated into buildings is the core of the present chapter. It provides a comprehensive overview on smart cities, smart buildings and smart home to address what systems and technologies have been incorporated so far. The aim is to review the smart concepts in built environment with the main focus on smart cities, smart buildings, and smart homes. State-of-the-art and current practices in smart buildings were also reviewed to enlighten a set of directions for future studies. The Chapter is primarily focuses on 51 articles in smart buildings/homes, as per collected from various datasets. It represents a summary of systems utilized and incorporared into smart buildings and homes over the past decade (2010–2020). Additional to different features of smart buildings and homes, is the discussion around various fields and system performances currently utilized in smart buildings/homes. Limitations and future trends and directions is also discussed. In total, such building/home systems were categorized into 6 groups, including: security systems, healthcare systems, energy management systems, building/home management systems, automation systems, and activity/movement recognition systems. Furthermore, there are a number of surveys which investigated the user’s acceptance and adoption of the new smart systems in homes and buildings, as presented and summarized thereafter in Tables. The present Chapter is a contribution to a better understanding of the functions and performances of such buildings/homes for further implementation and enhancement so that varying demands of smart citizens are fulfilled and eventually contribute to the development of smart cities.

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Failing to engage? Big data, smart cities and the built environment sector: an analysis of international case studies

10.15396/eres2018_332 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Tim Dixon ◽

Jorn Van De Wetering ◽

Martin Sexton

Keyword(s):

Big Data ◽

Built Environment ◽

Case Studies ◽

Smart Cities

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Making a Building Smart with a Co-Created and Continuously Evolving Enjoyable Service Entity—Insights from a Collaborative Study

Smart Cities ◽

10.3390/smartcities5010001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Maaria Nuutinen ◽

Eija Kaasinen ◽

Jaana Hyvärinen ◽

Airi Mölsä ◽

Sanni Siltanen

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Smart City ◽

Design Thinking ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Collaborative Study ◽

Urban Life ◽

Smart Services ◽

Smart Building ◽

Quality Of Urban Life

Buildings shape cities as those cities grow from and nurture people living and working within the built environment. Thus, the conceptualization of smart building should be brought closer to the smart city initiatives that particularly target ensuring and enhancing the sustainability and quality of urban life. In this paper, we propose that a smart building should be interlinked with a smart city surrounding it; it should provide good experiences to its various occupants and it should be in an ongoing state of evolving as an ecosystem, wherein different stakeholders can join to co-produce, co-provide and co-consume services. Smart buildings require a versatile set of smart services based on digital solutions, solutions in the built environment and human activities. We conducted a multiphase collaborative study on new service opportunities guided by a Design Thinking approach. The approach brought people, technology, and business perspectives together and resulted in key service opportunities that have the potential to make the buildings smart and provide enjoyable experience to the occupants who support their living and working activities in smart cities. This paper provides the resulting practical implications as well as proposes future avenues for research.

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From Smart Concept to Desired Experiences

Advances in Business Strategy and Competitive Advantage - Handbook of Research on Driving Industrial Competitiveness With Innovative Design Principles ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-3628-5.ch011 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 154-168

Author(s):

Cristina Caramelo Gomes

Keyword(s):

Built Environment ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Human Perception ◽

Spatial Relations ◽

Functional Orientation ◽

And Behavior

The development and implementation of ICT solutions changed the built environment. Objects from daily human routines and services, while aiming for sustainable and inclusive qualified solutions, challenged the countless possibilities of interaction between individuals, individuals and products, and products and products. Smart cities associate intelligence to environments and products to boost functionalities, uses, and experiences. The design of smart cities, from the spatial relations, objects interactions, and services availability must be user oriented to satisfy users' needs and expectations, while promoting qualified experiences. From real and questionable solutions, due to technical or functional orientation, emerges the need to observe human perception, reaction, and behavior to understand how it is possible to improve the experience. The aim of this chapter is to highlight the need of a different approach to the conceptualization of smart cities, environments, products, and services, emphasizing an emotionally appealing experience.

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Smart buildings and smart cities

10.1016/b978-0-12-821797-9.00012-x ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 607-660

Author(s):

Marco Casini

Keyword(s):

Smart Cities ◽

Smart Buildings

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Smart Building Integration into a Smart City: Comparative Study of Real Estate Development

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229376 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9376

Author(s):

Rasa Apanaviciene ◽

Rokas Urbonas ◽

Paris A. Fokaides

Keyword(s):

Real Estate ◽

Smart City ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Evaluation Framework ◽

Comparative Case Study ◽

Real Estate Development ◽

Smart Buildings ◽

Smart Building ◽

Development Stages ◽

Whole Life Cycle

Smart buildings and smart cities are not the future perspectives anymore—the smart building integration into a smart city is an actual question for today and tomorrow. Development of smart buildings not only enhances the smart city concept but also promotes positivity to the urban development and national economy, and increases the quality of life of the whole population reacting to global challenges of sustainability. The innovative smart building and smart city technologies enable us to overcome these challenges by being employed through all real estate (RE) project development stages. The Evaluation Framework for Real Estate Development in Smart Cities created by the authors provides the possibility to assess the existing as well as to forecast future RE projects integration into a smart city during the whole life-cycle stage. The practical application of the presented evaluation framework was illustrated by the comparative case study. Based on the created smart building integration into a smart city evaluation framework for real estate development, 10 RE projects in Lithuania and over the world were assessed and rated by selected criteria relevant to different RE development stages. The evaluation results revealed that, especially at the design and construction stages, the existing intelligence of RE projects and/or cities is insufficient. Although real estate projects are technologically advanced as single entities, the integration into smart city networks is limited by interoperability capabilities of the cities or by different strategic goals settled by real estate developers.

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Citizen Engagement for Co-Creating Low Carbon Smart Cities: Practical Lessons from Nottingham City Council in the UK

Energies ◽

10.3390/en13246615 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (24) ◽

pp. 6615

Author(s):

Sam Preston ◽

Muhammad Usman Mazhar ◽

Richard Bull

Keyword(s):

Energy Consumption ◽

Built Environment ◽

Citizen Participation ◽

Smart City ◽

Smart Cities ◽

City Council ◽

Citizen Engagement ◽

Low Carbon ◽

City Development ◽

The Uk

Cities constitute three quarters of global energy consumption and the built environment is responsible for significant use of final energy (62%) and greenhouse gas emissions (55%). Energy has now become a strategic issue for local authorities (LAs) and can offer savings when budget cuts have threatened the provision of core services. Progressive LAs are exploring energy savings and carbon reduction opportunities as part of the sustainable and smart city agenda. This paper explores the role of citizens in smart city development as “buildings don’t use energy: people do”. Citizens have the potential to shape transitions towards smart and sustainable futures. This paper contributes to the growing evidence base of citizen engagement in low carbon smart cities by presenting novel insights and practical lessons on how citizen engagement can help in smart city development through co-creation with a focus on energy in the built environment. A case study of Nottingham in the UK, a leading smart city, is analysed using Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation. Nottingham City Council (NCC) has pledged to keep “citizens at the heart” of its plans. This paper discusses learnings from two EU funded Horizon 2020 projects, REMOURBAN (REgeneration MOdel for accelerating the smart URBAN transformation) and eTEACHER, both of which aimed to empower citizens to reduce energy consumption and co-create smart solutions. Although these two projects are diverse in approaches and contexts, what unites them is a focus on citizen engagement, both face to face and digital. REMOURBAN has seen a “whole house” approach to retrofit in vulnerable communities to improve liveability through energy efficiency. User interaction and co-creation in eTEACHER has provided specifications for technical design of an energy saving App for buildings. eTEACHER findings reflect users’ energy needs, understanding of control interfaces, motivations for change and own creative ideas. Citizens were made co-creators in eTEACHER from the beginning through regular communication. In REMOURBAN, citizens had a role in the procurement and bidding process to influence retrofit project proposals. Findings can help LAs to engage demographically diverse citizens across a variety of buildings and communities for low carbon smart city development.

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Disruptive Impacts of Automated Driving Systems on the Built Environment and Land Use: An Urban Planner’s Perspective

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc5020024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 24 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Yigitcanlar ◽

Wilson ◽

Kamruzzaman

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Built Environment ◽

Traffic Safety ◽

Autonomous Vehicles ◽

Capital Investment ◽

Smart Cities ◽

Autonomous Vehicle ◽

Urban Transport ◽

Current Status ◽

Smart Mobility

Cities have started to restructure themselves into ‘smart cities’ to address the challenges of the 21st Century—such as climate change, sustainable development, and digital disruption. One of the major obstacles to success for a smart city is to tackle the mobility and accessibility issues via ‘smart mobility’ solutions. At the verge of the age of smart urbanism, autonomous vehicle technology is seen as an opportunity to realize the smart mobility vision of cities. However, this innovative technological advancement is also speculated to bring a major disruption in urban transport, land use, employment, parking, car ownership, infrastructure design, capital investment decisions, sustainability, mobility, and traffic safety. Despite the potential threats, urban planners and managers are not yet prepared to develop autonomous vehicle strategies for cities to deal with these threats. This is mainly due to a lack of knowledge on the social implications of autonomous capabilities and how exactly they will disrupt our cities. This viewpoint provides a snapshot of the current status of vehicle automation, the direction in which the field is moving forward, the potential impacts of systematic adoption of autonomous vehicles, and how urban planners can mitigate the built environment and land use disruption of autonomous vehicles.

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