A New Initial Basis for Solving the Blending Problem Without Using Artificial Variables

2021 ◽  
pp. 1262-1271
Author(s):  
Chinchet Boonmalert ◽  
Aua-aree Boonperm ◽  
Wutiphol Sintunavarat
Keyword(s):  
Initial Basis ◽  
Blending Problem

scholarly journals FORM DIVERSITY OF POPULUS NIGRA L., P. LAURIFOLIA LEDEB. AND P. × JRTYSCHENSIS CHANG Y. YANG IN THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE ALTAI-SAYANIAN MOUNTAIN AREA

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Андрей Климов ◽  
Andrey Klimov ◽  
Борис Прошкин ◽  
Boris Proshkin
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Capacity ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Sustainable Construction ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Mountain Area ◽  
Breeding Potential ◽  
The North ◽  
Initial Basis ◽  
North Western

The study of the form diversity of Siberian poplar species P. nigra , P. laurifolia and P. × jrtyschensis serves as the initial basis for identifying the adaptive capacity of populations, their economically valuable forms and breeding potential. The carried out analysis of the polymorphism of the species in nature and their cultivated forms showed their considerable diversity in terms of their habitual characteristics. It was revealed that the species of P. nigra , P. laurifolia and P. × jrtyschensis have been studied rather irregularly. The paper features an assessment of the form diversity in the North-Western part of the Altai-Sayan mountainous area. The analysis was performed on the basis of qualitative features of the crown, bark, leaves and shoots. Within the studied territory, P. nigra is characterized by the presence of two morphotypes, according to the nature of the pubescence and two distinct forms of bark color. It has been established that the populations of P. laurifolia of the Tom’ river basin are characterized by a greater polymorphism, both according to the diversity of morphotypes of shoots and pubescence, and by the color and structure of the cortex. The white and green bark forms of the laurel poplar are valuable for sustainable construction and selection work. In P. × jrtyschensis , gray bark forms predominate in populations, and its diversity requires a further systematic study.

A constructionist approach to the teaching of phrasal verbs

English Today ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Torres-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Argument Structure ◽  
Word Meaning ◽  
Syntactic Parsing ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
Transitive Verb ◽  
Initial Basis ◽  
Semantic Associations ◽  
Potential Mapping ◽  
Constructionist Approach

The central issue of the present article is the analysis of phrasal verbs (hereafter termed multiword verbs [MWVs]) from the perspective of construction grammars (Goldberg, 1995; Suttle and Goldberg, 2011). As is well known, English MWVs present special challenges to L2 learners due, among other things, to the shapelessness of their conceptual components and the ensuing impossibility to arrive at equivalent word-meaning correspondences (mappings) in the learners’ mother language (see Gillette et al., 1999). This brings us to the first theoretical claim of this paper – namely, that MWVs (also termed phrasal verbs, verb-particle collocations, verb-particle combinations etc.) are lexical chunks that can be retrieved by speakers either as wholes, without special recourse to syntactic parsing, or as verb-particle semantic associations (Cappelle et al., 2010). This idea is combined with the notion that MWVs inherit their syntax-semantics from prototypical Argument Structure Constructions (Goldberg, 2013a) within Verb Argument Constructions (VACs) frames. VACs are thus associated with prototype verbs like ‘go‘, ‘come’, ‘get’, ‘put’, etc., to project their meaning upon less-frequent verbs occupying a V-slot frame (a verbal position). It follows that MWVs function as hyponyms that express specific semantic nuances not available in prototype verbs. For example, in the sentence ‘Arya scooped up a rock and hurled it at Joffrey's head’ (George R. R. Martin, A Game of Thrones [1996]), the verb scoop up suggests a caused motion usually conveyed by the verb LIFT, i.e. the prototype of the simple transitive Verb Argument Construction. From this vantage, it is suggested that a way to activate the weak verb-object interface is through its assignation to specific prototypes bootstrapping (providing an initial basis for) both the conceptualisation of the MWVs and their potential mapping to specific words (which I term inherited surface forms).

Temperature and Light Effects on the Germination of Seven Native Forbs.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 219 ◽  
Author(s):  
AJ Willis ◽  
RH Groves
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Short Term ◽  
C Storage ◽  
Seasonal Factors ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Initial Basis ◽  
Light Effects

Seeds of seven native herbaceous species common in natural grasslands and woodlands of south-eastern Australia were tested for germination over a range of alternating temperatures (15/5-35/25°C) with and without light. Seeds were also exposed to low (4°C) and high (50/40°C) temperatures and the addition of gibberellic acid. Tests were conducted on seeds stored for 0-15 months at room temperature. The optimum temperature for germination differed among species, with only Helipterum albicans germinating maximally over all temperatures. Germination of Bulbine bulbosa seed was the most strongly temperature-dependent. Light and cold treatments promoted germination in Helipterum albicans and Vittadinia muelleri only. Short-term dormancy (3-4 months) was shown to occur in fresh seeds of Stylidium graminifolium, Helichrysum apiculatum and Wahlenbergia stricta, but not in seeds of the other species; addition of gibberellic acid to seeds of the two last-named species did not overcome that dormancy. Seeds of all species remained germinable after 15 months of storage. Seeds of most species germinated maximally at 20/10°C. Storage at high alternating temperatures for 1 month inhibited subsequent germination at 30/20° in Leptorhynchos squamatus and S. graminifolium but increased it in V. muelleri, H. albicans and H. apiculatum. In the last species, exposure of 1-month-old seeds to high temperature broke dormancy. These results show that germination and dormancy of seeds of a range of native forbs vary with temperature and light regime; they provide an initial basis on which to test and interpret the effects of seasonal factors on germination and field establishment.

Smoothly Blending of Cylinders Whose Axes are Non-Coplanar Based on Smoothly Blended Axes

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 152-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Zhu Bai ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Wu Zhi ◽  
Zhao Jie Yin ◽  
Si Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Blending Problem

This study focuses on the smoothly blending problem of two cylinders whose axes are non-coplanar at the clipping planes which are perpendicular to the axes. Based on the condition that the axes were smoothly blended, we presented the necessary and sufficient conditions of the existence of the blending surface with the cylindrical helicoids tube constructed. And when those conditions were met, we presented the specific blending examples.

Smoothly Blending of Two Elliptic Cylinders Whose Axes are Non-Coplanar

2014 ◽  
Vol 644-650 ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Zhu Bai ◽  
Han Wang ◽  
Wu Zhi ◽  
Zhao Jie Yin ◽  
Si Yu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient ◽  
Blending Problem

This paper studies the smoothly blending problem of two elliptic cylinders whose axes are non-coplanar at sections where they are perpendicular to axes. Based on conditions of smoothly blending axes, we acquire necessary and sufficient conditions of existing blending surface by constructed elliptic cylindrical helicoid tube. And when we meet those conditions, the specific blending examples will be provided.

THERMODYNAMICS OF THE MOLECULAR COMPLEXES WITH CHAINS OF HYDROGEN BONDS

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. STASYUK ◽  
A.L. IVANKIV
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonds ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Spin Model ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Reduced Basis ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
Ionic Groups ◽  
Energy Proton ◽  
Initial Basis

A pseudo-spin reduced basis model for the description of the linear hydrogen-bonds molecular systems with strong correlations between protons on the neighbouring bonds is proposed. The proton states corresponding to the high-energy proton configurations near the heavy ionic groups are excluded from the initial basis. Some aspects of thermodynamics and energy spectrum for the proton subsystem of the molecular complexes are considered in the framework of reduced basis model. It is shown that for the complexes with large but finite number of hydrogen bonds N, the polarizability is proportional to N2, the specific heat is proportional to N−1 and the spectrum includes both zone and localized proton states. At the same time it is shown that correct thermodynamic limit is obtained as N→∞ on the base of pseudo-spin model with initial basis. As a result the limits of application of reduced basis model are determined.

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