Heteronormative Violence in Schools: Focus on Homophobia, Transphobia and the Experiences of Trans and Non-heterosexual Youth in Finland

2021 ◽  
pp. 155-172
Author(s):  
Jukka Lehtonen
Keyword(s):  
Heterosexual Youth

scholarly journals Resilience in LGB Youths: A Systematic Review of Protection Mechanisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (66) ◽  
pp. 69-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Fonseca Freitas ◽  
Susana Coimbra ◽  
Anne Marie Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
Protective Mechanisms ◽  
Positive Adjustment ◽  
Lgb Youth ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Heterosexual Youth

Abstract: Given the mental health disparities among LGB and heterosexual youth, literature has increasingly emphasized the need to identify the mechanisms that promote resilience among sexual minorities. This systematic review sought to answer the question: what are the protection mechanisms against homophobia among LGB youth? Of the 147 references located in the search, 13 studies were analyzed. The identified protection mechanisms were organized by two criteria: specific to sexual orientation or general, and considered to be at the personal, relational and contextual level. Most of the mechanisms revealed to solely promote the positive adjustment in the presence of risk. General protective mechanisms frequently revealed to be more compensatory of the risks than those specific to sexual orientation.

scholarly journals Individual trajectories of substance use in lesbian, gay and bisexual youth and heterosexual youth

Addiction ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 104 (6) ◽  
pp. 974-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. Marshal ◽  
Mark S. Friedman ◽  
Ron Stall ◽  
Amanda L. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Bisexual Youth ◽  
And Bisexual ◽  
Heterosexual Youth

Comparing Factors Shaping Sexual Violence Perpetration for Sexual and Gender Minority Youth and Cisgender Heterosexual Youth

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110219
Author(s):  
Ronita Nath ◽  
Michele Ybarra ◽  
Margaret MacAulay ◽  
Koby Oppenheim ◽  
Lauren Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Prevention Education ◽  
Violence Victimization ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Normative Expectations ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Heterosexual Youth

Sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth experience higher rates of sexual violence victimization than their cisgender heterosexual counterparts. Very little is known about how the minority status of SGM youth contextualizes their victimization and perpetration experiences. In one-on-one interviews with 39 SGM youth and 11 cisgender heterosexuals (non-SGM) youth, we compared the contextual factors shaping sexual violence victimization and perpetration between the two groups using a qualitative descriptive approach. Interviews highlighted how SGM youth continue to experience extensive discrimination that negatively impacts all aspects of their lives, while non-SGM youth do not discuss having to navigate stigma and discrimination in their lives. SGM youth pointed to a lack of understanding of sexual violence within the SGM community. Both groups believed that SGM perpetration was unlikely: while most SGM and non-SGM youth agreed that sexual violence between youth was a problem, same-gender perpetration was seldom discussed. Unlike their non-SGM counterparts, SGM youth felt that they were targeted because of their sexual and gender identity. SGM youth also felt that they were more vulnerable to sexual violence because of how they physically looked, particularly if their gender expression did not match cis-normative expectations. SGM youth reported facing unique pressures when seeking support as a victim, particularly a fear of being outed or stigmatized as part of the process. They also conveyed that SGM people worried about being treated unfairly if they reported sexual violence to authorities. Findings suggest that stigma and concerns of discrimination are unique aspects of sexual violence for SGM compared to non-SGM youth. All youth need to have access to sexual violence prevention education that includes SGM and non-SGM youth as both victims and perpetrators to begin addressing these noted disparities in experiences.

Understanding and Reducing Homophobic Harassment and Victimization in Schools

2016 ◽  
pp. 15-38
Author(s):  
V. Paul Poteat
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Contextual Factors ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Heterosexual Youth ◽  
Homophobic Harassment ◽  
Over Time

Bias-based harassment, or harassment based on one’s actual or perceived social identity, such as sexual orientation, remains a prominent concern in many schools. Homophobic harassment is one form of bias-based harassment evident in schools. Not only is homophobic harassment common compared to non–bias-based victimization, it also carries distinct and elevated consequences for those who experience it. Given the seriousness of homophobic harassment and the consequences of experiencing it, this chapter addresses three key issues. First, it provides a review of individual and contextual factors that underlie homophobic behavior and its perpetuation over time. Second, the chapter describes the various processes by which homophobic victimization predicts health and academic concerns for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and heterosexual youth. Finally, the chapter covers several factors that may promote resilience among youth who experience this form of victimization. Each section notes implications for research, practice, and policy.

Demographic Differences in Youth Perceptions of Staff: A National Evaluation of Adjudicated Youth

2020 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2092802
Author(s):  
Casey A. Pederson ◽  
Paula J. Fite ◽  
Jonathan L. Poquiz
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Juvenile Detention ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Personal Cost ◽  
Detention Centers ◽  
Marginalized Groups ◽  
Older Youth ◽  
Youth Perceptions ◽  
Heterosexual Youth ◽  
Staff Behavior

Despite the large societal and personal cost associated with the detainment of juvenile offenders in residential facilities, little is known about the factors that contribute to youth behavior while incarcerated. One factor that may be of importance to maintaining security within facilities and improving rehabilitation efforts is youth’s perceptions of correctional staff, namely, youth’s perceptions of positive staff characteristics (e.g., friendliness; helpfulness) and staff behavior toward youth (e.g., fair punishments). Accordingly, the current study used the National Survey of Youth in Custody across two cohorts to better understand youth perceptions about staff by examining rates of these perceptions within juvenile detention centers nationwide. Furthermore, given the overrepresentation of marginalized groups in the justice system, systematic differences in youth’s perceptions about staff were evaluated based on demographic characteristics, including age, race, sex, and sexual orientation, to better understand how these characteristics influence youth perceptions. Results suggested several significant differences based on demographic characteristics, with the most prominent and consistent differences associated with race and age, with Black youth and older youth having the least positive views of staff. Interestingly, non-heterosexual youth were more likely to view staff characteristics as positive than heterosexual youth. Implications of findings are discussed.

scholarly journals School absenteeism and mental health among sexual minority youth and heterosexual youth

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chad M. Burton ◽  
Michael P. Marshal ◽  
Deena J. Chisolm
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Sexual Minority Youth ◽  
School Absenteeism ◽  
Heterosexual Youth

Do Depression and Binge Drinking Explain the Increased Risk of Sexual Violence Among Sexual Minority Middle and High School Girls?

2020 ◽  
pp. 088626052093850
Author(s):  
Katie M. Edwards ◽  
Emily A. Waterman ◽  
Victoria L. Banyard
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
High School Girls ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
School Girls ◽  
Heterosexual Youth ◽  
Minority Girls

Sexual violence (SV) occurs at rates higher among sexual minority youth than heterosexual youth, but the mechanisms explaining this higher risk are understudied. We examined if binge drinking and depression explain the higher rates of SV victimization among sexual minority middle and high school girls. Female students ( N = 1,145) in Grades 7th to 10th completed a survey that assessed for SV, binge drinking, depression, sexual orientation identification, and sex at birth. Sexual minority girls had higher rates of SV victimization compared with heterosexual girls. Binge drinking and depression fully mediated the relationship between sexual orientation status and SV victimization among girls. SV prevention programming for sexual minority girls are urgently needed. Programs that seek to reduce binge drinking and depression may be especially impactful in reducing the risk of violence among sexual minority girls.

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