scholarly journals The Microplastic Cycle: An Introduction to a Complex Issue

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Michael S. Bank ◽  
Sophia V. Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Chemistry ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Receptor Models ◽  
Pollution Problem ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Potential Public Health

AbstractThe microplastic cycle was originally and formally introduced and defined as a novel concept and paradigm for understanding plastic pollution and its fluxes across ecosystem reservoirs. This concept has now been expanded to include macroplastic particles and links all aspects of the fate, transport, and effects of plastic pollution, including source-receptor models in the environment, and expanded on previously established perspectives that viewed the plastic pollution issue in a less integrated manner. The value of this paradigm is that this perspective integrates three basic scientific spheres: environmental chemistry, biology (i.e., trophic transfer), and human health. The goal of this chapter is to introduce readers to the microplastic pollution problem and to outline the microplastic cycle as a concept and holistic paradigm for addressing this ubiquitous environmental and potential public health problem. The specific objectives of this chapter were to (1) introduce this volume and its chapters by outlining the microplastic pollution issue in the context of the entire plastic cycle; (2) evaluate fluxes of microplastics across different ecosystem compartments, including the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere. and biosphere, including humans; and (3) provide insights on public policy and potential solutions to the microplastic pollution problem.

A STUDY OF INTESTINAL HELMINTHS OF SWINE FROM CHIKUN AND JEMA’A LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF KADUNA STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-600
Author(s):  
Chibuzor Nwokoye ◽  
Benjamin Onusiriuka ◽  
Umar Yahaya ◽  
Karderam Bukar Dikwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Oesophagostomum Dentatum ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Potential Public Health

A study was conducted between May and August, 2018 to determine the prevalence of intestinal helminths of pigs in Chikun and Jema’a Local Government Areas, Kaduna State. 203 faecal samples were collected, processed and examined under light microscopy. Intestinal helminths recorded were: Ascaris suum (57.1%), Oesophagostomum dentatum (37.0%), Hyostrongylus rubidus (14.8%), Metastrongylus elongates (8.9%), Strongyloides (4.5%), Stepanurus dentatum (2.5%), Trichuris suis(1.5%), Globocephalus urobuslatus (2.0%) and Physocephalus sexalatus (1.5%). The overall prevalence of helminth infection in both LGAs was 71.9%. Pigs in Jema’a LGA had significantly higher prevalence (87.9%) than pigs from Chikun LGA (56.7%). Female pigs had relatively higher (74.4%) infection than male pigs (68.6%). This pattern was also reflected in Chikun LGA where female pigs had a prevalence of 63.9% compared to 46.5% in males, however, the reverse was the case in Jema’a LGA where males had 90.7% prevalence and females 85.7%. In Chikun LGA, the highest prevalence of 58.6% was recorded among pigs aged 25-36 months, followed by pigs aged 5-12 months with prevalence of 57.1%, and the least prevalence of 55.0% was recorded in pigs aged 13-24 months. The prevalence of intestinal helminthosis in pigs tends to decrease with age in Jema’a LGA. The presence of these parasites in pigs examined indicates a potential public health problem in Chikun and Jema’a Local Government Areas of Kaduna state. Enlightenment of pig farmers on the need for periodic veterinary care and restriction of stray pigs through legislation formulation and enforcement are recommended as control measures

scholarly journals CutaneousCorynebacterium Diphtheriae: A Traveller’s Disease?

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 150-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Berih
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Corynebacterium Diphtheriae ◽  
Skin Ulcer ◽  
Toxigenic Strain ◽  
Public Health Officials ◽  
Potential Public Health ◽  
Close Contacts

A Canadian soldier incurred a nonhealing traumatic skin ulcer while on duty in Somalia. The diagnosis of localized cutaneous diphtheria was confirmed by isolation of a toxigenic strain ofCorynebacterium diphtheriaefrom the ulcer. The patient was placed in isolation and treated with erythromycin and penicillin for 10 days without antitoxin. He was released when two consecutive daily cultures were negative. Public health officials evaluated his wife, two children and close contacts for carriage, but no carriers or secondary cases were identified. Cutaneous diphtheria as a diagnostic and management patient problem and potential public health problem are discussed.

LISTERIOSIS: A POTENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM

1958 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Winn ◽  
William B. Cherry ◽  
Elizabeth O. King
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Potential Public Health

scholarly journals P024: Physician reporting of medically unfit drivers: knowledge, attitudes, and practice

CJEM ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (S1) ◽  
pp. S85-S86
Author(s):  
J.R. Brubacher ◽  
C. Renschler ◽  
B. Huang ◽  
W.C. Lee ◽  
A.M. Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Physician Knowledge ◽  
Unfit Patients ◽  
And Training ◽  
Potential Public Health ◽  
Do So

Introduction: Medical conditions that impair perception, cognition or motor skills may make people unfit to drive. Reporting unfit drivers to licensing authorities is seen by many as a public health obligation. This study investigates physician knowledge, attitudes and practice around the management of medically unfit drivers. Methods: We used an online survey to explore physician knowledge of fitness to drive issues and their attitudes and practice with regard to counselling and reporting unfit drivers. Email invitations to participate in the survey were sent to all physicians in BC through DoctorsofBC and to all emergency physicians (EPs) in the UBC Department of Emergency Medicine. Results: We received responses from 242 physicians (47% EPs, 40% GPs, 13% others). The majority (78%) reported little/no knowledge on determining driver fitness and 94% had little/no training around guidelines, reporting, and laws involving fitness to drive. Most (88%) agreed that physicians should be obligated to advise medically unfit patients not to drive, and 74% reported that they often warn patients not to drive. The majority of physicians also chart their opinion of patients’ fitness to drive (67% do so more than twice per year). Most respondents (70%) indicated that it is “always appropriate” to report definitely unfit drivers whereas only 25% indicated that it is “always appropriate” to report potentially unfit drivers. However, in practice physicians see far more unfit drivers than they report to licensing authority: 67% of physicians encounter definitely unfit drivers more than twice per year but only 19% report definitely unfit drivers more than twice per year and 34% never report definitely unfit drivers. Compared to other physicians, EPs reported less knowledge and training about criteria for determining fitness to drive, were more likely to feel that reporting unfit drivers was not their responsibility, and were less likely to report unfit drivers to licensing authorities. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a need for more education and information resources to help physicians, particularly EPs, identify and manage medically unfit drivers. Although most physicians warn unfit drivers not to drive and document this in medical records, many medically unfit drivers are not reported to licensing authorities, a potential public health problem that should be further investigated.

scholarly journals Chronic Respiratory Infections by Mucoid Carbapenemase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains, a New Potential Public Health Problem

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 2285-2286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Juan ◽  
Olivia Gutiérrez ◽  
Feliu Renom ◽  
Margarita Garau ◽  
Sebastián Albertí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Potential Public Health
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