Abiotic Synthesis and Role of Amphiphiles in the Encapsulation Process in Life’s Origin

AbstractLevels of calcium in the haemolymph and reserves in the shell of Biomphalaria glabrata experimentally infected by Angiostrongylus cantonensis were determined for the first time. At the same time, histochemical analyses of the digestive gland of infected and uninfected snails were performed to better understand the possible changes in metabolism of calcium in these organisms. After 1, 2 and 3 weeks of infection, the snails were dissected for collection of haemolymph and separation of tissues. The highest calcium concentrations in the haemolymph were found 2 weeks after infection, with a 39.61% increase in relation to the respective control group. However, there was a significant reduction in the concentration of this ion in the haemolymph of infected snails after 1 week of infection in relation to the uninfected specimens. In parallel, intense hypocalcification was shown in the shell of infected snails 1 and 2 weeks after infection, differing significantly in relation to the respective control groups. Morphological changes in the digestive gland of infected snails were also observed, confirming the role of this ion as an important element in the parasite encapsulation process.

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Bio-Inspired Hydrogel-Calcium Carbonate Core-Shell Particles

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-988-0988-qq03-04 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 988 ◽

Author(s):

Yi-Yeoun Kim ◽

John W Catino ◽

Gary P Tomaino ◽

Sherman D Cox

Keyword(s):

Calcium Carbonate ◽

Shell Thickness ◽

Room Temperature ◽

Core Shell ◽

Time Resolved ◽

Liquid Precursor ◽

Mineral Phases ◽

Encapsulation Process ◽

Shell Particles

AbstractIn this report, we present a bio-inspired encapsulation process to create nanocluster-assembled core-shell particles under aqueous, room temperature and non-toxic conditions. The approach to synthesize calcium carbonate core-shell particles is accomplished by employing a Polymer-Induced Liquid-Precursor (PILP) process. We demonstrate the amorphous mineral precursor is coated around a core of hydrogel nanoparticles, and subsequently solidified and crystallized. The synthesized core-shell particles are 300∼500nm diameter and ∼100 nm shell-thickness. We investigate the role of the hydrogel core of the particle using time-resolved XRD, thermal-XRD and thermal analysis. The organic hydrogel appears to influence the transformation of mineral phases, stabilizing the amorphous phase of calcium carbonate.

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Role of dactinomycin in the improved survival of children with Wilms' tumor

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.12.1005 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (12) ◽

pp. 1005-1009 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

D. J. Fernbach

Keyword(s):

Wilms Tumor

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Role of the allergist in diagnosis and management of patients with uveitis

JAMA ◽

10.1001/jama.195.3.167 ◽

1966 ◽

Vol 195 (3) ◽

pp. 167-172 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

T. E. Van Metre

Keyword(s):

Diagnosis And Management

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The power of norms to sway fused group members

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18001644 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Winnifred R. Louis ◽

Craig McGarty ◽

Emma F. Thomas ◽

Catherine E. Amiot ◽

Fathali M. Moghaddam

Keyword(s):

Evolutionary Anthropology ◽

Normative Systems ◽

Violent Extremism ◽

Identity Fusion ◽

Group Members

AbstractWhitehouse adapts insights from evolutionary anthropology to interpret extreme self-sacrifice through the concept of identity fusion. The model neglects the role of normative systems in shaping behaviors, especially in relation to violent extremism. In peaceful groups, increasing fusion will actually decrease extremism. Groups collectively appraise threats and opportunities, actively debate action options, and rarely choose violence toward self or others.

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Elaborating the role of reflection and individual differences in the study of folk-economic beliefs

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000274 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Author(s):

Kevin Arceneaux

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Individual Differences ◽

Cognitive Processes ◽

Evolutionary History ◽

Behavioral Responses ◽

History Of ◽

Economic Beliefs

AbstractIntuitions guide decision-making, and looking to the evolutionary history of humans illuminates why some behavioral responses are more intuitive than others. Yet a place remains for cognitive processes to second-guess intuitive responses – that is, to be reflective – and individual differences abound in automatic, intuitive processing as well.

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The role of affect in feelings of obligation

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002449 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽

Meltem Yucel ◽

Amrisha Vaish

Keyword(s):

Positive Emotions ◽

The Creation ◽

Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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Refining our understanding of the “elephant in the room”

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x20000096 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew Whiten

Keyword(s):

Social Cognition ◽

Cultural Evolution ◽

Cognitive Abilities ◽

Critical Factors ◽

Technological Culture

Abstract The authors do the field of cultural evolution a service by exploring the role of non-social cognition in human cumulative technological culture, truly neglected in comparison with socio-cognitive abilities frequently assumed to be the primary drivers. Some specifics of their delineation of the critical factors are problematic, however. I highlight recent chimpanzee–human comparative findings that should help refine such analyses.

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Choosing a Markov blanket

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x19002632 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

Author(s):

Thomas Parr

Keyword(s):

Markov Blanket ◽

Target Article ◽

The Relationship

Abstract This commentary focuses upon the relationship between two themes in the target article: the ways in which a Markov blanket may be defined and the role of precision and salience in mediating the interactions between what is internal and external to a system. These each rest upon the different perspectives we might take while “choosing” a Markov blanket.

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