Exploring Drivers of Performance in Advertising Firms in Ghana: A Perspective of Attribution Theory

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a crime that is afflicted by a current or previous romantic relationship partner. One in four women has experienced IPV at least once in their lifetime, with physical and psychological consequences. IPV cases tend to go largely unnoticed and under-reported, with low rates of intervention by bystanders. This cross-sectional correlational study investigated whether a combination of attribution theory and the bystander effect could predict the willingness of strangers to intervene in IPV. There were two models tested. The first model examined attitudes towards the victim, while the second one examined attitudes towards the perpetrator. The relationship between perceived responsibility and willingness to intervene was hypothesized to be mediated by sympathy and anger, with the number of bystanders as a moderator to mediating pathways (sympathy towards victim and anger towards perpetrator). A convenience sample of 278 Australian residents aged 18-years and older was presented in a vignette depicting an IPV incident occurring in public. Participants completed measures about the vignette in an online questionnaire. Model testing was conducted using MPlus; confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit of the measurement models. After controlling potential covariates, moderated mediation models of victim and perpetrator were analyzed. Attribution theory was a significant predictor in willingness to intervene ( f² = .23, p < .001), but the bystander effect was not. Both attitudes towards victim and perpetrator accounted for unique variance in willingness to intervene in IPV, highlighting the importance of examining both. Findings indicate that psychoeducation campaigns aimed at reducing victim-blaming and promoting intervening behavior could be an effective means of preventing IPV.

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A cognitive process model of trust repair

International Journal of Conflict Management ◽

10.1108/ijcma-03-2020-0048 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Edward C. Tomlinson ◽

Christopher A. Nelson ◽

Luke A. Langlinais

Keyword(s):

Structural Change ◽

Organizational Justice ◽

Attribution Theory ◽

Cognitive Process ◽

Process Model ◽

Causal Attribution ◽

Content Type ◽

Trust Repair ◽

Nuanced Understanding ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate how the reparative efforts of extensive apologies, compensation and structural change affect trust after a violation has occurred. Specifically, this paper presents a cognitive process model positing that voluntary reparative efforts will shape the victim’s stability attributions for the cause of the violation such that it will be deemed less stable (i.e. unlikely to recur); as a result, the victim is more likely to perceive the transgressor as being fair, and hence extend subsequent trust. Design/methodology/approach Two experiments were conducted to test the cognitive process model. Findings The results of both experiments supported this predicted sequence for extensive apologies. Support for the predicted sequence was also found when compensation and structural change are invoked as reparative efforts. Originality/value This research has theoretical and practical implications for a more nuanced understanding of how causal attribution theory and organizational justice theory can be integrated within the context of trust repair.

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The Value of Assurance on Voluntary Nonfinancial Disclosure: An Experimental Evaluation

Auditing A Journal of Practice & Theory ◽

10.2308/aud.2009.28.1.137 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 137-151 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Paul J. Coram ◽

Gary S. Monroe ◽

David R. Woodliff

Keyword(s):

Attribution Theory ◽

Performance Indicators ◽

Stock Price ◽

Annual Report ◽

Corporate Disclosure ◽

Financial Report ◽

Nonfinancial Performance ◽

Assurance Services ◽

Context Specific

SUMMARY: This study examines whether assurance on the voluntary provision of nonfinancial performance indicators affects the stock price estimates of a group of sophisticated financial report users. We conducted an experiment where participants were provided with a case study containing excerpts from a hypothetical company's annual report. Nonfinancial performance and assurance were manipulated in a 2 (positive and negative nonfinancial performance indicators) ×2 (assurance and no assurance) +1 (control condition) between-subjects design. After reading the case materials, the participants indicated whether they believed the company's stock price would increase or decrease based on the information provided. As expected, we found that the nonfinancial performance indicators had a significant effect on stock price estimates. In addition, consistent with attribution theory, an assurance report on the voluntarily disclosed nonfinancial performance indicators only had a significant effect on stock price estimates when the nonfinancial performance indicators were positive, suggesting that the value of assurance is context-specific. Our research contributes to the discussion on the value of expanded assurance services and also on the value of enhanced corporate disclosure.

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Generational differences in response to youth offenders: myth or reality?

RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA ◽

10.3280/rip2010-003007 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 460-469

Author(s):

Underwood Jean ◽

Tomisson Carolyne

Keyword(s):

Attribution Theory ◽

Generational Differences ◽

Generational Cohort ◽

Youth Offenders ◽

Additional Information ◽

Cohort Differences ◽

Youth Offender ◽

Appropriate Sentences ◽

Main Effects ◽

Or Task

This empirical study examined generational cohort differences in perceptions of youth offending. Based on own-group bias, it was hypothesised that younger participants would be more tolerant of youth crime than the older generation, which would be shown by attitudes in favour of more lenient sentencing of offenders. Predicated on attribution theory, it was hypothesised that the provision of mitigating information about the offender would change individual's attitudes, and in turn, behaviour towards the offender leading to less draconian sentencing. Sixty participants, divided into four groups (2 groups of 15 aged 18-24 year olds; 2 groups of 15 aged over 40) allocated appropriate sentences to offenders depicted in ten short vignettes, half were offences against the person and the remaining five were crimes against property. One younger and one older group of participants received vignettes depicting the bare facts of the offence and offender; the other two groups (one young, one older) had additional information on background of the offender. While there were no main effects of age or task, both groups viewed crimes against the person more seriously than those against property. Without additional information older participants were more punitive than younger participants as predicted by the theory of own-group bias. However, younger participants were less swayed by mitigating information than their older counterparts, with the latter awarding more lenient when such information was provided. Mitigating information about a youth offender did affect sentencing options but not with the younger participants. This has implications for the composition of juries in youth offender trials.

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The Effects of Unfulfilled Preferential Treatment and Review Dispersion on Airbnb Guests’ Attitudes and Behavior

Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research ◽

10.1177/10963480211066960 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 109634802110669

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Zheng ◽

Lu Zhang ◽

Nathan Line ◽

Wei Wei

Keyword(s):

Attribution Theory ◽

Unintended Consequences ◽

Preferential Treatment ◽

Negative Attitudes ◽

Consumer Evaluations ◽

Different Types ◽

Dispersion Condition ◽

And Behavior ◽

Attitudes And Behavior ◽

Low Dispersion

In sharing accommodation business such as Airbnb, while the provision of personalized amenities and services may seem like good business, hosts should be aware of the potential unintended consequences when they are not able to deliver what they promise. The present research examines how expectation gaps created by guest reviews interact with different types of preferential services to subsequently affect consumer behavior in the peer-to-peer accommodation economy. Grounded in attribution theory, this study offers new insights on customer responses to unfulfilled preferential treatment. The results suggest that in the condition of utilitarian services (e.g., airport transportation), participants in the low dispersion condition exhibited more negative attitudes, a lower level of repurchase intention, and a decreased willingness to write an online review. Conversely, in the condition of hedonic services (e.g., perform a talent show), expectation discrepancy did not result in different consumer evaluations across the dispersion conditions.

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