Control of the Malt Mashing and Boiling Process in Craft Beer Production: Hardware-in-The-Loop-Technique

This article investigates the Italian craft brewing revolution, a florescence of small-scale, artisanal beer production that began in the late 1990s. This revolution presents a number of provocative paradoxes, such as the growing importance of beer consumption and production in a country long known for its wine, its economic success at a time of ongoing and severe economic crisis in Italy, and the ways in which a love of drinking beer is driving many to choose to make it. Drawing on extensive survey data among craft brewers, ethnographic research, and interviews with craft brewers and their supporters, we show that Italian craft beer is a valuable case study of productive leisure leading to passionate production, and sketch the regional contours of Italian craft brewing against the contemporary global rise in artisanal beer production and consumption.

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Balling's attenuation theory and beer composition calculator

KVASNY PRUMYSL ◽

10.18832/kp2019.66.351 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (5) ◽

pp. 351-365

Author(s):

Vilém Nohel

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Regression Coefficients ◽

Distillation Method ◽

Craft Beer ◽

Automatic Analyzer ◽

Input Parameters ◽

Basic Parameters ◽

Apparent Attenuation ◽

Two Parameters ◽

Beer Production

This article deals with calculation possibilities and the control of basic parameters of beer on the basis of knowledge of two parameters. The importance of this method increases with the development of craft beer production in our country (mini-breweries, home brewing). The calculations are based on Balling's equations, alcohol factors and attenuation quotients, which have been published unchanged since at least 1876. In Balling's time, they were used to determine an extract with a specific gravities of 17.5 °C/17.5 °C. In current brewing, specific gravities of 20 °C/20 °C are used. For this reason, new alcohol factors of apparent attenuation were derived, and based on linear regression, regression coefficients of the dependence of the alcohol factor of apparent attenuation on the extract in original wort were calculated. Some variants of calculations based on two input parameters were incorporated into the beer composition calculator using formulas that replace extract and alcohol tables. The accuracy of the results from the calculator was checked with analyses from the Anton Paar automatic analyzer and with analyses obtained by the distillation method. The calculator is available at www.balling.cz.

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Hydraulic Emulation of Injection Moulding

10.1115/imece2001/fpst-25011 ◽

2001 ◽

Author(s):

Paul K. Guerrier ◽

Kevin A. Edge

Keyword(s):

Injection Moulding ◽

Controller Design ◽

Control Strategies ◽

Full Scale ◽

Active Area ◽

Hardware In The Loop ◽

Moulding Process ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Hydraulic Load ◽

Loop Technique

Abstract The control of injection moulding is an active area for research. The inject phase of the moulding process which includes filling and packing is of particular importance. New control strategies have traditionally been evaluated either in simulation or through full scale testing. Both methods have advantages and disadvantages. This paper details the hydraulic load emulation of the filling and packing phases using the hardware-in-the-loop technique which is a compromise between these two methods. With suitable controller design successful load emulation is demonstrated.

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