Development of a System for Using Transcranial Doppler Monitoring with Virtual Reality Head Mounted Displays

AbstractCybersickness (CS) is a term used to refer to symptoms, such as nausea, headache, and dizziness that users experience during or after virtual reality immersion. Initially discovered in flight simulators, commercial virtual reality (VR) head-mounted displays (HMD) of the current generation also seem to cause CS, albeit in a different manner and severity. The goal of this work is to summarize recent literature on CS with modern HMDs, to determine the specificities and profile of immersive VR-caused CS, and to provide an outlook for future research areas. A systematic review was performed on the databases IEEE Xplore, PubMed, ACM, and Scopus from 2013 to 2019 and 49 publications were selected. A summarized text states how different VR HMDs impact CS, how the nature of movement in VR HMDs contributes to CS, and how we can use biosensors to detect CS. The results of the meta-analysis show that although current-generation VR HMDs cause significantly less CS ($$p<0.001$$ p < 0.001 ), some symptoms remain as intense. Further results show that the nature of movement and, in particular, sensory mismatch as well as perceived motion have been the leading cause of CS. We suggest an outlook on future research, including the use of galvanic skin response to evaluate CS in combination with the golden standard (Simulator Sickness Questionnaire, SSQ) as well as an update on the subjective evaluation scores of the SSQ.

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Virtual Reality (VR) in Pediatrics: Innovative Perspectives With Special Reference To Clinical Applications and Pediatric Rehabilitation

Journal of Regenerative Biology and Medicine ◽

10.37191/mapsci-2582-385x-3(3)-070 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Stefan Bittmann

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Virtual Environment ◽

Virtual Worlds ◽

Virtual World ◽

Mixed Reality ◽

Clinical Applications ◽

Virtual Space ◽

Data Glove ◽

Input Devices ◽

Head Mounted Displays

Virtual reality (VR) is the term used to describe representation and perception in a computer-generated, virtual environment. The term was coined by author Damien Broderick in his 1982 novel “The Judas Mandala". The term "Mixed Reality" describes the mixing of virtual reality with pure reality. The term "hyper-reality" is also used. Immersion plays a major role here. Immersion describes the embedding of the user in the virtual world. A virtual world is considered plausible if the interaction is logical in itself. This interactivity creates the illusion that what seems to be happening is actually happening. A common problem with VR is "motion sickness." To create a sense of immersion, special output devices are needed to display virtual worlds. Here, "head-mounted displays", CAVE and shutter glasses are mainly used. Input devices are needed for interaction: 3D mouse, data glove, flystick as well as the omnidirectional treadmill, with which walking in virtual space is controlled by real walking movements, play a role here.

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Development of a Low-Cost Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Display Prototype

Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication - Examining Developments and Applications of Wearable Devices in Modern Society ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3290-3.ch001 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Thiago D'Angelo ◽

Saul Emanuel Delabrida Silva ◽

Ricardo A. R. Oliveira ◽

Antonio A. F. Loureiro

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Augmented Reality ◽

User Experience ◽

Low Cost ◽

User Interaction ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Head Mounted Display ◽

Time Performance ◽

Work Tasks ◽

Head Mounted Displays

Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs) have been emerging in the last years. These technologies sound like the new hot topic for the next years. Head-Mounted Displays have been developed for many different purposes. Users have the opportunity to enjoy these technologies for entertainment, work tasks, and many other daily activities. Despite the recent release of many AR and VR HMDs, two major problems are hindering the AR HMDs from reaching the mainstream market: the extremely high costs and the user experience issues. In order to minimize these problems, we have developed an AR HMD prototype based on a smartphone and on other low-cost materials. The prototype is capable of running Eye Tracking algorithms, which can be used to improve user interaction and user experience. To assess our AR HMD prototype, we choose a state-of-the-art method for eye center location found in the literature and evaluate its real-time performance in different development boards.

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Characterization of Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity using Head-Mounted Displays in a Virtual Environment: A Pilot Study

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting ◽

10.1177/1071181319631488 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 63 (1) ◽

pp. 547-551

Author(s):

David Sproule ◽

Rosemarie Figueroa Jacinto ◽

Steve Rundell ◽

Jacob Williams ◽

Sam Perlmutter ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Virtual Reality ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Contrast Sensitivity ◽

Virtual Environment ◽

Real World ◽

Appropriate Use ◽

Head Mounted Displays ◽

Visualization Tools

Virtual reality (VR) and personal head-mounted displays (HMDs) can be a viable tool for the presentation of scientifically accurate and valid demonstrative data in the courtroom. However, the capabilities and limitations of the technology need to be fully characterized. The current pilot study evaluated visual acuity and contrast sensitivity using two commercially available HMDs (Oculus Rift and HTC Vive Pro). Preliminary findings indicated that visual acuity and contrast sensitivity experienced in VR may be less than what is experienced in real-world scenarios. The current pilot study provides a quantitative approach for characterizing the limitations of VR with respect to visual acuity and contrast sensitivity, and provides recommendations for the appropriate use of this technology when performing forensic investigations and developing visualization tools.

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Face/On: Multi-Modal Haptic Feedback for Head-Mounted Displays in Virtual Reality

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics ◽

10.1109/tvcg.2019.2932215 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (11) ◽

pp. 3169-3177 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dennis Wolf ◽

Michael Rietzler ◽

Leo Hnatek ◽

Enrico Rukzio

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Haptic Feedback ◽

Head Mounted Displays

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A Survey on Simulation Sickness in Driving Applications with Virtual Reality Head-Mounted Displays

Presence Teleoperators & Virtual Environments ◽

10.1162/pres_a_00318 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 15-31 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Stanislava Rangelova ◽

Elisabeth Andre

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Physiological Effects ◽

Simulated Environment ◽

Head Mounted Displays ◽

Future Work ◽

Automotive Interior

This article discusses factors related to simulation sickness in virtual reality driving simulations with head-mounted displays. Simulation sickness is a well-known phenomenon that has physiological effects on users, such as disorientation, headache, and nausea. There are three major theories why simulation sickness arises. Previous research on this phenomenon has mostly concentrated on driving or flying simulators with standard computer displays. It is, therefore, possible to conclude that any simulated environment could have such an effect, and virtual reality should not be considered an exception to such problems. While virtual reality has had and will continue to have a positive impact on the development and testing of new automotive interior concepts, simulation sickness is a significant drawback. Despite the advances in technology, discomfort from using head-mounted displays has yet to be resolved. A review of these displays in the context of virtual reality driving applications over the recent years will be presented. Moreover, characterization and comparison of approaches to mitigate simulation sickness will be given in the text. Concluding suggestions for future work on the correlation between simulation sickness and a virtual driving environment will be provided.

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