Assessing productivity, cost, and delays are essential to manage any construction operation, particularly the concrete batch plant (CBP) operation. This paper focuses on assessing the above-mentioned items for the CBP using stochastic mathematical models. It aims at (i) identifying the potential sources of delay in the CBP operation; (ii) assessing their influence on production, efficiency, time, and cost; and (iii) determining each factor share in inflating the CBP concrete unit expense. Stochastic mathematical models were designed to accomplish the aforementioned objectives. Data were collected from five CBP sites in Indiana, USA, to implement and verify the designed models. Results show that delays due to management conditions have the highest probability of occurrence (0.43), expected value of delay percent (62.54% out of total delays), and relative delay percent. The expected value of efficiency for all plants is 86.53%; however, the average total expense is US$15.56/m3 (all currency are in US$). In addition, the expected value of effective expenses (EE) is $18.03/m3, resulting in extra expenses (XE) of $2.47/m3. This research is relevant to both industry practitioners and researchers. It develops models to determine the effect of delays on concrete unit cost. They are also beneficial to the CBP management.Key words: concrete batch plant, delays, management conditions, cost models, cost management, stochastic mathematical models.
Common coding of expected value and value uncertainty memories in the prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia output