Cost management for concrete batch plant using stochastic mathematical models

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1065-1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarek M Zayed ◽  
Ibrahim A Nosair
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Batch Plant ◽  
Factor Share ◽  
Construction Operation

Assessing productivity, cost, and delays are essential to manage any construction operation, particularly the concrete batch plant (CBP) operation. This paper focuses on assessing the above-mentioned items for the CBP using stochastic mathematical models. It aims at (i) identifying the potential sources of delay in the CBP operation; (ii) assessing their influence on production, efficiency, time, and cost; and (iii) determining each factor share in inflating the CBP concrete unit expense. Stochastic mathematical models were designed to accomplish the aforementioned objectives. Data were collected from five CBP sites in Indiana, USA, to implement and verify the designed models. Results show that delays due to management conditions have the highest probability of occurrence (0.43), expected value of delay percent (62.54% out of total delays), and relative delay percent. The expected value of efficiency for all plants is 86.53%; however, the average total expense is US$15.56/m3 (all currency are in US$). In addition, the expected value of effective expenses (EE) is $18.03/m3, resulting in extra expenses (XE) of $2.47/m3. This research is relevant to both industry practitioners and researchers. It develops models to determine the effect of delays on concrete unit cost. They are also beneficial to the CBP management.Key words: concrete batch plant, delays, management conditions, cost models, cost management, stochastic mathematical models.

Life Cycle Energy Assessment of a Typical Marble Processing Plant

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-45
Author(s):  
Bhargav Prajwal ◽  
Harlal S. Mali ◽  
Ravindra Nagar
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Educational Software ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Substantial Reduction ◽  
Evaluation Methodology ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Productivity Cost ◽  
Environmental Indices ◽  
Low Efficiency

This article describes how marble is one of the most important stone resources in terms of durability. It is aesthetically pleasing, and a decorative material used by many architects, as well as plays an important role in the economy of India. Most of the marble processing activities are performed by small and medium scale industries (SMEs) not only in India but worldwide. These industries have low efficiency and productivity due to lack of new technologies, high productivity cost and a lack of proper sustainable waste management systems, thereby increasing the waste generated during the processing stage. There is a significant need within the sector for increasing production efficiency, combined with the need of a substantial reduction in waste generated that can be achieved by endorsing technological innovations. This is in addition to following best available processing practices, incorporating energy saving technologies and modernizing the sectors management and organization structure which will substantially increase efficiency as well as production. This article provides a systematic approach for assessing the current energy and present environment status of a typical SME processing units of Rajasthan area, and proposes measures for meeting cleaner production principles. An evaluation methodology was developed considering the realistic plant operation scenarios. The total energy inputs for processing the products with their appropriate environmental indices like CO2 emissions were calculated. Alternatively, the CO2 emissions were also calculated by Gabi educational software for different industries and the best way of reducing the energy consumption is suggested by following alternate source of energy.

scholarly journals Portfolio Selection Based on Distance between Fuzzy Variables

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiyi Qian ◽  
Mingqiang Yin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Portfolio Selection ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Fuzzy Variables ◽  
Fuzzy Environment ◽  
Investment Return ◽  
New Models ◽  
Different Types

This paper researches portfolio selection problem in fuzzy environment. We introduce a new simple method in which the distance between fuzzy variables is used to measure the divergence of fuzzy investment return from a prior one. Firstly, two new mathematical models are proposed by expressing divergence as distance, investment return as expected value, and risk as variance and semivariance, respectively. Secondly, the crisp forms of the new models are also provided for different types of fuzzy variables. Finally, several numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

scholarly journals Applied Mathematical Approach for Decision-Making in Building Plan Design

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Grit Ngowtanasuwan
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Construction Cost ◽  
Model Unit ◽  
International Publishing ◽  
Plan Design ◽  
The Mathematical Model

This article presents a method for solving decision in building plan design by using a mathematical model (nonlinear programming). First objective is to formulate mathematical models for analysis in dividing rooms and dimensions in a building plan. Secondly, to calculate the dimensions and room sizes which have minimum construction cost. A case study of a condominium building plan was analyzed in this research. The results found application of the mathematical model was applicable. The mathematical models were formulated, the minimum construction cost was ฿723,000 (US$24,100) and usable area in the condominium was 67.5 m2 and followed the assigned design constraints.Keywords: Building plan design; Mathematical model; Unit cost;eISSN 2398-4295 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI:

scholarly journals Mathematical model of shaping toothed products using volumetric tool with one motion parameter

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 295-301
Author(s):  
A. A. Silich ◽  
Eh. M. Yusupova
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Parametric Method ◽  
Side Surface ◽  
Motion Parameter ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
Novikov Gear

Introduction. The development of a mathematical model of one-parameter shaping of a toothed product is considered. As an example, shaping of the side surface of the teeth of the Novikov gearing is studied; the mode and magnitude of the change in the shaping error heightwise the wheel tooth are shown. The work objective was to develop a mathematical model of the surface of the product teeth as a generating surface envelope of the tool. A computational and experimental study is carried out. The mathematical models obtained can be used in devices with copiers when shaping the side surface of the teeth of the Novikov gear. As an example, we consider the deviation behavior of the teeth profile of the Novikov gear with the original profile of DLZ 0.7-0.15 Materials and Methods. When building the model and studying its characteristics, the mathematical tools of the gearing theory, calculation procedure for cylindrical gears (A.A. Silich’s author development) were used. The paper proposes new mathematical models of the equations of the lateral surface of the gear teeth formed with a tool whose axial profile coincides with the original one. In the model under consideration, the tool moves along the axis of the product while the latter rotates on its axis. In the course of the study, numerical modeling was carried out to determine the error value in shaping the product profile using the tool. Results. New mathematical models and software have been developed for numerical simulation of the shaping of a toothed product using a tool with one independent motion parameter. An algorithm has also been developed to determine the deviation error of the real profile from the nominal one for the tooth of the Novikov gear. Solutions to accurately reproduce the tooth profile are provided. Discussion and Conclusions. The parametric method of analytical description of the surface used in the work simplifies the calculation of the cutting tool displacements in the problems of numerical control. Solving the problem of synthesizing the technology of workpiece surface treatment on metal-cutting machines provides the development of a description of the entire shaping process and requires the representation of the workpiece surface in the form of a mathematical model. The results obtained can be used under creating finishing methods for processing teeth when improving the quality of gear wheels and gear drives, as well as production efficiency.

scholarly journals The cost management approaches in trade industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-43
Author(s):  
Iryna Kvach
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Activity Based Costing ◽  
The People ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. The current state of financial and economic government institutions negatively affects  Ukrainian budget execution, and the general trend of deterioration in the standard of living of the people, in general leads to low level of functioning of the enterprise and  their competitiveness, especially in such industry as trade. Aims and tasks. In the conditions of an unstable political and economic situation in commodity market and services to overcome disproportions between operating profit  of some commodity groups of trade enterprise and its added value which indicates depreciation of the capital  invested by owners not only doesn't provide compensation of investments, but also leads to losses because of inflationary processes therefore there is a need for the mutual integration of approaches of management of expenses for assessment. Results. The practical value of application of a method of Activity-based costing (ABC) and Economic Value Added (EVA) in management of expenses not only in creation of a system of accounting of expenses, but also and predictions through new approaches for the analysis for identification of unproductive fields of activity in value creation of a product is proved, including positively influences the growth of business activity for trade enterprises. In the field of innovative approaches the balanced system of indexes (BSI) and EVA methods harmoniously are integrated in processes of costs planning, management of them at the level of departments and in general are distributed among operation processes to responsible persons, which has a positive impact on maximizing capital cost of the enterprise. Conclusions. Application of methods of cost management as uniform system provides chance to distribute expenses on commodity groups and to define  goods which create added value gives the chance to settle the impact of minimum change of influence of a factor  on commodity turnover level due to decrease of unit  cost in life cycle of a product through the analysis of a point of profitability for increase in investment attractiveness.

scholarly journals MAINTENANCE CONTRACT MODEL FOR COMPLEX ASSET/EQUIPMENT

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450002 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANISUR RAHMAN
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Preventive Maintenance ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Numerical Examples ◽  
Contract Price ◽  
The Past ◽  
Penalty Costs ◽  
Original Equipment Manufacturers

Maintenance contracts received significant attentions in the past 15 to 20 years as it has huge potential to reduce the upfront investments in maintenance infrastructure, specialized maintenance facilities, and risks to the owners through expert services provided by the original equipment manufacturers and/or specialist maintenance providers. To make maintenance contracts more effective, there is a need to develop mathematical models and understand future costs that could be built into the contract price. In this paper, a conceptual model is developed for estimating cost of outsourcing maintenance of complex and critical asset/equipment taking into account both corrective and preventive maintenance as servicing strategies and risks and penalty costs associated with such contract. The developed cost models are analyzed using illustrated numerical examples.

Problem-solving approaches in maintenance cost management: a literature review

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazel Ansari ◽  
Madjid Fathi ◽  
Ulrich Seidenberg
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Past Experiences

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of problem-solving approaches in maintenance cost management (MCM). In particular, the paper aims to examine characteristics of MCM models and to identify patterns for classification of problem-solving approaches. Design/methodology/approach This paper reflects an extensive and detailed literature survey of 68 (quantitative or qualitative) cost models within the scope of MCM published in the period from 1969 to 2013. The reviewed papers have been critically examined and classified based on implementing a morphological analysis which employs eight criteria and associated expressions. In addition, the survey identified two main perspectives of problem solving: first, synoptic/incremental and second, heuristics/meta-heuristics. Findings The literature survey revealed the patterns for classification of the MCM models, especially the characteristics of the models for problem-solving in association with the type of modeling, focus of purpose, extent and scope of application, and reaction and dynamics of parameters. Majority of the surveyed approaches is mathematical, respectively, synoptic. Incremental approaches are much less and only few are combined (i.e. synoptic and incremental). A set of features is identified for proper classification, selection, and coexistence of the two approaches. Research limitations/implications This paper provides a basis for further study of heuristic and meta-heuristic approaches to problem-solving. Especially the coexistence of heuristic, synoptic, and incremental approaches needs to be further investigated. Practical implications The detected dominance of synoptic approaches in literature – especially in the case of specific application areas – contrasts to some extent to the needs of maintenance managers in practice. Hence the findings of this paper particularly address the need for further investigation on combining problem-solving approaches for improving planning, monitoring, and controlling phases of MCM. Continuous improvement of MCM, especially problem-solving and decision-making activities, is tailored to the use of maintenance knowledge assets. In particular, maintenance management systems and processes are knowledge driven. Thus, combining problem-solving approaches with knowledge management methods is of interest, especially for continuous learning from past experiences in MCM. Originality/value This paper provides a unique study of 68 problem-solving approaches in MCM, based on a morphological analysis. Hence suitable criteria and their expressions are provided. The paper reveals the opportunities for further interdisciplinary research in the maintenance cost life cycle.

Development of Cutting Optimization System for Garment

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 262-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yun Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhen Huang
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Process Efficiency ◽  
Technology Project ◽  
Task List ◽  
Subject Number ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Science And Technology Project ◽  
Cutting Plan

Garment cutting process is an important part of production ,directly related to the enterprise cost management and production efficiency. So, combined with the actual production need, the research for garment cutting process planning begins from task list to cutting plan, at last distributes the cutting task. It aims at improving the garment cutting process efficiency and reducing the production of the costs and optimize management. The source of the research is the Shijiazhuang Municipal Bureau of Science and Technology project. The subject number is 09113031A.

Bundling or Grouping Pavement and Bridge Projects: Analysis and Strategies

2017 ◽  
Vol 2613 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingge Xiong ◽  
Jon D. Fricker ◽  
Samuel Labi
Keyword(s):  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Bridge Deck ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Scale Economies ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Cost Models ◽  
Adequate Data ◽  
Project Contract

Project grouping is a concept that aims to reduce the overall costs of projects by combining smaller-scale pavement, bridge, and other projects under a single contract. To investigate the potential for state agencies to realize the benefits of project grouping, this study looked at economies of scale and economies of competition. The study documented the decline in unit cost as the size of the project increased for numerous bridge and pavement work types. Scale economies are true for single- and multiple-project contracts. Larger contracts lend themselves to economies of scale but can discourage all but the largest firms from bidding on the work. As a result, there is a range of contract sizes (measured in this study in terms of bridge deck area or lane mile of pavement) within which the contract is neither too small nor too big. From an examination of the work types for which adequate data were available, the size of combined projects that led to the best balance between economies of scale and economies of competition were ( a) about 20,000 ft2 of deck area for bridge projects and ( b) 10 to 20 lane miles for pavement projects. The single-project and multiple-project unit cost models developed in this project can be used to screen projects for which engineers’ estimates are available and identify single projects that should be considered for grouping into a multiple-project contract.

scholarly journals Aspek Psikologi Pendelegasian Manajemen dan Manajemen Biaya Pabrik Roti “Yes” di UPK PIK Pulo Gadung Jakarta Timur

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Hanif Hanif ◽  
Mulyani Mulyani ◽  
Supriyanto Karya ◽  
Morryessa Brandinie
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Cost Management ◽  
Unit Cost ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Profit Sharing ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
System Planning ◽  
Point Analysis ◽  
Cost Calculations ◽  
The One

The purpose of this program is to provide assistance in order to help businesses to solve their problems in business management. The approach used is observation, interview and discussion with the business founder/owner. The place is in the one of the business unit under the Unit Pengelola Kegiatan Pusat Industri Kecil (PIK), namely ” Yes" Cake Factory. The team managed and explored several problems in the business unit, which are related to book-keeping, work delegation and the control system planning, utilization of cost management such as unit cost calculations, cost control and break event point analysis, and profit-sharing policy. The team also provides a doable solution that can be implemented by the company.

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