Control of Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase in Brown Adipose Tissue of Infant Rats

1978 ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Peter Hahn ◽  
David Seccombe ◽  
Lorne Kirby ◽  
Josef Skala
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose

Effect of 6-hydroxydopamine and α-methyltyrosine on brown adipose tissue of infant rats

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef P. Skala ◽  
Peter Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthetase ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Increased Activity

A single-dose administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (50 mg/kg body weight, sc) to infant rats resulted in an enlargement, higher fresh weight, markedly elevated lipid content, and higher total protein content of their interscapular and cervical brown adipose tissue. The protein kinase (EC 2.7.1.37) activation ratio in the tissue was decreased as was the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32) activity. Fatty acid synthetase, on the other hand, showed an increased activity. These changes commenced as soon as 24 h after the administration of the drug, were fully developed 2–4 days later, and persisted for at least 14 days. The results are in line with the assumption that 6-hydroxydopamine administration causes chemical sympathectomy of brown adipose tissue. This is further supported by the fact that treatment with α-methyltyrosine, which is known to competitively inhibit norepinephrine synthesis, results in similar changes in brown fat of infant rats. Hence it seems that 6-hydroxydopamine administration offers a simple and inexpensive experimental model for studies of the role of the norepinephrine-mediated sympathetic nervous system in brown adipose tissue function and development.

Glucocorticoids and regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase activity in rat brown adipose tissue.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (2) ◽  
pp. E197
Author(s):  
D Feldman ◽  
M Hirst
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Low Carbohydrate Diet ◽  
Low Fat Diet ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Low Carbohydrate ◽  
Reduced Activity

Studied were performed to examine the factors that might regulate phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) activity in rat brown adipose tissue (BAT) and to determine the role played by glucocorticoids in regulating this enzyme. Comparison was made to white adipose tissue (WAT) where PEPCK activity is known to be glucocorticoid regulated. PEPCK activity in BAT did not respond to adrenalectomy or dexamethasone, whereas WAT activity was increased and decreased, respectively, by these maneuvers. Three conditions were found in which BAT PEPCK activity was stimulated: 1) fasting, 2) feeding a high-fat/low-carbohydrate diet, and 3) during the neonatal period. In each case glucocorticoid treatment prevented the stimulation in PEPCK activity and restored the enzyme to base-line levels. In conditions 1 and 2, enzyme activity was also stimulated in WAT, but in contradistinction to BAT, glucocorticoid administration reduced activity to low levels significantly below base-line activity. Two conditions were found which suppressed PEPCK activity in BAT: exposure to a cold environment and feeding a high-protein/low-fat diet. WAT PEPCK was unaltered by exposure to cold. Thus, differences in PEPCK regulation between BAT and WAT were demonstrated, and the response to glucocorticoids was unique in BAT.

Norepinephrine turnover in brown adipose tissue of young rats: effects of rearing temperature

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (1) ◽  
pp. R90-R96 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bertin ◽  
I. Mouroux ◽  
F. De Marco ◽  
R. Portet
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Parallel Evolution ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has an important role in the thermogenesis of newborn mammals and cold-acclimated rodents. Heat production within the tissue is regulated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) via norepinephrine (NE) release. As only little is known of the progressive role of SNS during the developmental period, NE content and turnover were determined in BAT of infant rats 1-33 days of age. The dams and the pups were kept at either 28 or 16 degrees C. It was observed that the NE level in the tissue and the mediator turnover had an almost parallel evolution during the experimental period. In the first week of life, level and turnover of NE were higher in the 28 degrees C group than in the 16 degrees C group. During the second week, the level remained constant in rats kept at 28 degrees C, but the NE turnover slightly decreased. In contrast, a large increase of both parameters was observed in rats kept at 16 degrees C. Then a decrease occurred in both groups until weaning. Subsequently the values remained almost constant. It must be noted that, from the end of the first week, NE content and turnover were always significantly higher in the 16 degrees C group than in the 28 degrees C group. At the end of the first month, the level was 50% higher in cold-acclimated rats and turnover was four times as high as in controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Separation of outer and inner membranes of mitochondria from the brown adipose tissue of infant rats

1975 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Załluska ◽  
J. Brabcová ◽  
A. Wroniszewska ◽  
J. Zborowski ◽  
Z. Drahota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Infant Rats ◽  
Brown Adipose

Functional characterization of human brown adipose tissue metabolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (7) ◽  
pp. 1261-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Anne Richard ◽  
Hannah Pallubinsky ◽  
Denis P. Blondin
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity ◽  
And Function

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has long been described according to its histological features as a multilocular, lipid-containing tissue, light brown in color, that is also responsive to the cold and found especially in hibernating mammals and human infants. Its presence in both hibernators and human infants, combined with its function as a heat-generating organ, raised many questions about its role in humans. Early characterizations of the tissue in humans focused on its progressive atrophy with age and its apparent importance for cold-exposed workers. However, the use of positron emission tomography (PET) with the glucose tracer [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) made it possible to begin characterizing the possible function of BAT in adult humans, and whether it could play a role in the prevention or treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This review focuses on the in vivo functional characterization of human BAT, the methodological approaches applied to examine these features and addresses critical gaps that remain in moving the field forward. Specifically, we describe the anatomical and biomolecular features of human BAT, the modalities and applications of non-invasive tools such as PET and magnetic resonance imaging coupled with spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) to study BAT morphology and function in vivo, and finally describe the functional characteristics of human BAT that have only been possible through the development and application of such tools.

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) can normalize hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in mice

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Merkel ◽  
A Bartelt ◽  
K Brügelmann ◽  
J Heeren
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose

The influence of thyroid dysfunction on the activity of brown adipose tissue in mice detected by [18F]FDG PET/MR

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (S 01) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Krause ◽  
M Kranz ◽  
V Zeisig ◽  
N Klöting ◽  
K Steinhoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Brown Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Thyroid Dysfunction ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
18F Fdg
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