Role of Wavelets in the Physical and Statistical Modelling of Complex Geological Processes

2004 ◽  
pp. 2231-2244
Author(s):  
D. A. Yuen ◽  
G. Erlebacher ◽  
O. V. Vasilyev ◽  
D. E. Goldstein ◽  
M. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Geological Processes

Role of Wavelets in the Physical and Statistical Modelling of Complex Geological Processes

2004 ◽  
Vol 161 (11-12) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Yuen ◽  
G. Erlebacher ◽  
O. V. Vasilyev ◽  
D. E. Goldstein ◽  
M. Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Geological Processes

scholarly journals Did Cyclic Metaphosphates Have a Role in the Origin of Life?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Glonek
Keyword(s):  
Organic Molecules ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Holliday Junction ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Condensed Phosphate ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
The Origin Of Life ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Self Replication

AbstractHow life began still eludes science life, the initial progenote in the context presented herein, being a chemical aggregate of primordial inorganic and organic molecules capable of self-replication and evolution into ever increasingly complex forms and functions.Presented is a hypothesis that a mineral scaffold generated by geological processes and containing polymerized phosphate units was present in primordial seas that provided the initiating factor responsible for the sequestration and organization of primordial life’s constituents. Unlike previous hypotheses proposing phosphates as the essential initiating factor, the key phosphate described here is not a polynucleotide or just any condensed phosphate but a large (in the range of at least 1 kilo-phosphate subunits), water soluble, cyclic metaphosphate, which is a closed loop chain of polymerized inorganic phosphate residues containing only phosphate middle groups. The chain forms an intrinsic 4-phosphate helix analogous to its structure in Na Kurrol’s salt, and as with DNA, very large metaphosphates may fold into hairpin structures. Using a Holliday-junction-like scrambling mechanism, also analogous to DNA, rings may be manipulated (increased, decreased, exchanged) easily with little to no need for additional energy, the reaction being essentially an isomerization.A literature review is presented describing findings that support the above hypothesis. Reviewed is condensed phosphate inorganic chemistry including its geological origins, biological occurrence, enzymes and their genetics through eukaryotes, polyphosphate functions, circular polynucleotides and the role of the Holliday junction, previous biogenesis hypotheses, and an Eoarchean Era timeline.

The role of geology and climate in soil nutrient variability - potential drivers for large ungulate migrations in the Serengeti ecosystem (Northern Tanzania, East Africa)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen Eckmeier ◽  
Simon Kübler ◽  
Akida Meya ◽  
Stephen Mathai Rucina
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
East African ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Serengeti Ecosystem ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Basement Rocks ◽  
Nutrient Variability ◽  
Archean Basement

<p>The East African Serengeti ecosystem hosts a great range of mammals and one of the world’s largest seasonal ungulate movements, with over 1.3 wildebeest and several hundreds of thousands of zebras and antelopes migrating through the region in a regular pattern. While climatic and biological drivers for this migration have been studied in great detail, the role of rock chemistry, weathering and resulting soil diversity as a source for nutrient provision has so far been largely neglected and needs detailed and systematic study.</p><p>Geological processes provide important controls on long-term ecosystem dynamics. Volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, and rock weathering influence soil edaphic properties, which represent the ability of soils to provide vital plant-available nutrients, which therefore control grazing patterns of herbivores, particularly during birthing and lactating seasons. Studying the geological role in providing and distributing essential nutrients is critical to understand long-term drivers and stability of animal migrations in dynamic ecosystems. We have carried out a field reconnaissance study in the Serengeti National Park, with the aim to study variations in nutrient variability in soils and vegetation in relation to the chemical composition of soil parent material, i.e. volcanic or metamorphic rocks and sediments derived from those rock units, and under consideration of climatic variations. First results show that the Serengeti ecosystem can be subdivided into three geo-edaphic subregions that correlate with seasonal wildebeest grazing habitats.</p><p>(1) The southeastern Serengeti (wet-season grazing), is characterized by soils developed on volcanic ash derived from recent eruptions of the Ol Doinjo Lengai carbonatite volcano. Here, we have identified deeper organic-rich soils with andic and vitric properties and varying amounts of carbonate concretions or near-surface calcrete horizons. High Na, K, and Ca levels of volcanic ashes suggest high levels of those elements in soils and vegetation in this region, also because the precipitation is lowest in this area.</p><p>(2) In the central Serengeti (short-term transitional grazing), soils develop on Archean basement rocks including granitic gneisses, phyllites and banded iron formations. Geochemical signatures of these rock types suggest that soils in this region have lower levels in Ca, Mg, and plant available P, compared to the SE Serengeti, which is supported by the transitional nature of this grazing habitat.</p><p>(3) Soils in the Northern Serengeti (dry-season grazing) develop on a diverse patchwork of Archean basement rocks as well as basaltic lavas and thick fluvial deposits. North of Mara river, the Insuria fault – a large normal fault of the East African Rift  - creates a wide sedimentary basin dominated by soils developed on basaltic sediments. Here, higher precipitation leads to stronger weathering and leaching of nutrient elements.</p><p>Our preliminary results suggests that geochemical variations together with continuous (syngenetic) pedogenesis through active volcanism or tectonic faulting and related fault scarp erosion created regions of high edaphic quality in the north and southeast of the Serengeti ecosystem, and that the patchy nature of soil edaphics is important to understand the underlying drivers of large scale migration of grazing animals in this region. </p>

Inventing the Present: Historical Roots of the Anthropocene

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Davis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Academic Disciplines ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Physical Force ◽  
Charles Lyell ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Late Eighteenth Century ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Historical Transition

In 1833, Charles Lyell proposed that the current post-glacial geological epoch be termed Recent. In the late 1860s, Paul Gervais suggested Holocene as a more appropriate name for the same epoch. In 2000, Paul Crutzen and Eugene Stoermer jointly proposed that a new epoch beginning in the late eighteenth century should be named Anthropocene to connote that the human-determined geological signature is now, and for the foreseeable future will be, the predominant physical force shaping the Earth. Such a conclusion by geoscientists will not, and perhaps should not, pass unnoticed by politicians, environmentalists and other academic disciplines. Based upon a review of the early debates over the role of a deity in geological causation, the power of classification and nomenclature, and distinctions between organic and inorganic in geological processes, this paper traces the historical transition from Recent to Holocene to Anthropocene and concludes that the conceptual space for creating the modern Anthropocene was carved during the nineteenth-century foundation of geology.

scholarly journals Ocena wpływu nasuwającego się górotworu karpackiego na przebieg procesów naftowych w utworach jego podłoża w rejonie Rzeszowa

Nafta-Gaz ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (6) ◽  
pp. 351-365
Author(s):  
Karol Spunda ◽  
◽  
Tomasz Słoczyński ◽  
Krzysztof Sowiżdżał ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tectonic Evolution ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Source Rocks ◽  
Petroleum Exploration ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Petroleum Systems ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Lower Palaeozoic ◽  
Outer Carpathians

The article presents the concept of petroleum systems modeling in the area with complex fold-thrust belt structure. The aim of the study was to verify the views on the influence of the overtrusting Carpathian orogen on the course of petroleum processes in the basement (Meso-Palaeozoic) formations. The project was implemented in the marginal zone of the Skole Unit (Outer Carpathians) overlapping various structural and tectonic units of the basement. The area of Rzeszów city was selected as it presents adequate complexity of the geological structure to meet assumed methodological objectives of the project and, at the same time, provides relatively vast amount of geological data available which creates a conditions for a comprehensive approach. The study was carried out using the Dynel 2D and PetroMod 2D software. The course of the structural and tectonic evolution of the area was reconstructed in 5 stages, the results of which were subsequently applied in a dynamic modeling of the petroleum systems. The modeling results made it possible to recreate and analyze the course of a complex geological processes, the effects of which are manifested, among others, by the time and amounts of generated hydrocarbons as well as the dynamics of expulsion, migration and accumulation processes. The results show the course of petroleum processes in each stage of the petroleum basin evolution, revealing a special role of thrust tectonic of Outer Carpathians on basement formations. For the adopted assumptions of the structural and tectonic evolution, the generation of hydrocarbons by Lower Palaeozoic source rocks was initiated with the overthrusting of the Carpathians. This increases the chances of their accumulation in reservoir intervals sealed by an overthrusting orogen. This is a positive premise in the context of petroleum exploration in the area.

scholarly journals The Phenomenon of Related Dynamics in Global Finances (Russia, Brazil)

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakov M. Mirkin ◽  
Karina M. Lebedeva
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Real Exchange Rates ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Cause And Effect ◽  
The Us ◽  
Global Investors

The article establishes stable codependencies between international financial markets and their underlying cause and effect mechanisms, as an object of a global transformation. We demonstrate an intense co-integration between the financial markets of Russia, Brazil and the other emerging markets of Latin America (through the lens of stock markets and national currencies). The cause and effect mechanisms of this dependency are examined. We characterize the countries as analogous substitutes for investors (abundant similarities include: models of collective behaviour, ideology, model and structure of the economy, model of the financial sector, highly speculative markets in shares and currencies). The article explains an extremely limited role of the internal (primarily retail) investors in determining dynamics of the financial market. The central role of non-resident actors (global financial institutions and institutional investors) in the dynamics of the markets of Russian and Brazil is established. We demonstrate that for Russia and Brazil sources of foreign portfolio investments coincide. This includes Anglo-Saxon centers, specifically the US and British offshore jurisdictions, and the global centers of secondary importance (the Netherlands and Luxembourg). The decision making models of global investors in Russian and Brazil are examined: stock prices are driven by the oil prices, and in part by the US stock market, and rouble and real exchange rates follows oil prices and the EUR-USD currency pair. Analysis and conclusions made in the article are supported by a significant volume of statistical modelling. 

scholarly journals Main biostratigraphic stages in the Earth history. Technogenic scenarios

2013 ◽  
pp. 127-138
Author(s):  
G. Rudko ◽  
P. Zagorodnyuk
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Continuous Transformation ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Geological Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Earth ◽  
History Of ◽  
Global Catastrophe

The biostratigraphic history of the Earth as a process of continuous transformation and adaptation from the primary forms of life and till its current state had been considered in the present article.  The development of life on the Earth had started due to the changes of geological processes, changes of the chemical composition of the atmosphere and the aquatic environment, within the period of global catastrophe. As a result of more than 3.8 billion years the anthropogenic system «human – geological and related environment» was formed; it transformed the biosphere in accordance with the needs of human, creating the precedent of inconsistency between human needs and biosphere resources.  The basic scenarios of human and biosphere development within the technogene were defined. The results of studies helped to identify the biostratigraphic conditions of the Earth life. The article investigates scenarios of technogene development as well as the role of human under the conditions of intensive biosphere transformation due to the anthropogenic activities.   

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