RNA virus evolution and the control of viral disease

1989 ◽  
pp. 93-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esteban Domingo
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Viral Disease

scholarly journals A review on Schmallenberg virus infection: a newly emerging disease of cattle, sheep and goats

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 516-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
RVS Pawaiya ◽  
VK Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Emerging Disease ◽  
Schmallenberg Virus ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Bunyaviridae Family ◽  
And Control ◽  
Negative Sense

Schmallenberg virus (SBV) infection is an emerging infectious disease of ruminants first described in Germany in November, 2011. Since then it has spread very rapidly to several European countries. The disease is characterised by fever, reduced milk production and diarrhoea in cattle and abortions, stillbirths and foetal abnormalities in sheep and goats. SBV is an enveloped, negative-sense, segmented, single-stranded RNA virus, classified in the genus Orthobunyavirus of the Bunyaviridae family, and is closely related to Akabane, Ainoa and Shamonda viruses. As of now there is no vaccine available for SBV, which poses a serious threat to naive ruminant population. Owing to its recent discovery, our understanding of Schmallenberg viral disease and its pathology and pathogenesis is limited. This article reviews the data reported so far on this emerging disease with regard to aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, pathology, diagnosis and control and discusses the future scenario and implications of the disease.

scholarly journals Diminishing returns of inoculum size on the rate of a plant RNA virus evolution

2017 ◽  
Vol 120 (3) ◽  
pp. 38001
Author(s):  
Rebeca Navarro ◽  
Silvia Ambrós ◽  
Fernando Martínez ◽  
Santiago F. Elena
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Diminishing Returns

scholarly journals RNA Virus Evolution via a Quasispecies-Based Model Reveals a Drug Target with a High Barrier to Resistance

Viruses ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Bingham ◽  
Eric Dykeman ◽  
Reidun Twarock
Keyword(s):  
Drug Target ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution

scholarly journals A continuous phenotype space model of RNA virus evolution within a host

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 919-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Korobeinikov ◽  
◽  
Conor Dempsey ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Space Model ◽  
Phenotype Space ◽  
Continuous Phenotype

scholarly journals Viromes in Marine Ecosystems Reveal Remarkable Invertebrate RNA Virus Diversity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Yi Zhang ◽  
Yicong Chen ◽  
Xiaoman Wei ◽  
Jie Cui
Keyword(s):  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Marine Invertebrate ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
Marine Ecosystems ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Virus Diversity ◽  
First Time ◽  
Special Notice

AbstractOcean viromes remain poorly understood and little is known about the ecological factors driving aquatic RNA virus evolution. In this study, we used a meta-transcriptomic approach to characterize the viromes of 58 marine invertebrate species across three seas. This revealed the presence of 315 newly identified RNA viruses in nine viral families or orders (Durnavirales, Totiviridae, Bunyavirales, Hantaviridae, Picornavirales, Flaviviridae, Hepelivirales, Solemoviridae and Tombusviridae), with most of them are sufficiently divergent to the documented viruses. With special notice that we first time revealed an ocean virus rooting to mammalian hantaviruses. We also found evidence for possible host sharing and switch events during virus evolution. In sum, we demonstrated the hidden diversity of marine invertebrate RNA viruses.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of bovine ephemeral fever viruses in Khuzestan province of Iran in 2018 and 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Elham Rezatofighi ◽  
Khalil Mirzadeh ◽  
Fahimeh Mahmoodi
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Multiple Sequence ◽  
Khuzestan Province ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Southwest Of Iran

Abstract Background Bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) is an arthropod-borne viral disease caused by the BEF virus (BEFV). This single-stranded RNA virus that affects cattle and water buffalo is endemic in tropical and subtropical regions including Iran. While BEF is a major disease of cattle in Iran, information regarding its agent, molecular characterization, and circulating viruses are highly limited. The current study aimed to, firstly, determine the genetic and antigenic characteristics of BEFV strains in Khuzestan province in Southwest of Iran in 2018 and 2020 and, secondly, to compare them with strains obtained from other areas. Results By phylogenetic analysis based on the Glycoprotein gene, BEFV strains were divided into four clusters of Middle East, East Asia, South Africa, and Australia; in which the 2018 and 2020 Iranian BEFV strains were grouped in the Middle East cluster with the Turkish, Indian, and Israeli strains. Depending on the chronology and geographical area, the outbreaks of Turkey (2020), Iran (2018 and 2020), and India (2018 and 2019) are proposed to be related. These BEFVs had the highest identity matrix and the lowest evolutionary distance among the studied strains. Multiple sequence alignment of G1, G2, and G3 antigenic sites showed that these neutralizing epitopes are highly conserved among the strains of the Middle East cluster; however, the strains previously identified in Iran differed in three amino acids placed in G1 and G2 epitopes. Conclusion The findings revealed that BEFVs circulating in the Middle East are closely related phylogenetically and geographically. They also have similar antigenic structures; therefore, developing a vaccine based on these strains can be effective for controlling BEF in the Middle East.

scholarly journals High-Order Epistasis and Functional Coupling of Infection Steps Drive Virus Evolution toward Independence from a Host Pathway

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minetaro Arita
Keyword(s):  
Viral Replication ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution ◽  
High Order ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Functional Coupling

Each virus has a different strategy for its replication, which requires different host factors. Enterovirus, a model RNA virus, requires host factors PI4KB and OSBP, which form an obligatory functional axis to support viral replication.

scholarly journals Expanding networks of RNA virus evolution

BMC Biology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene V Koonin ◽  
Valerian V Dolja
Keyword(s):  
Rna Virus ◽  
Virus Evolution

scholarly journals Myths versus Truths regarding the Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-2019) Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kapil Amgain ◽  
Sujana Neupane ◽  
Laxmi Panthi ◽  
Pooja Thapaliya
Keyword(s):  
Social Distance ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Background: The Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19) is a novel infectious disease caused by the COVID-19 Virus. This virus belongs to the family of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and classified as SARS-CoV-2, a positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus that is causing an ongoing global pandemic. The outbreak of this novel Coronavirus (nCoV-19) is causing great fear in public due to its rapid spread over 200 countries worldwide and created a global Public Health Emergency. The virus is an intracellular obligatory parasite that can even infect bacteria called Bacteriophage. Unlike Bacteria, Virus is not a living microorganism and can’t multiply in the outer environment. If we draw a line in between the living and non-living, it lies in the border3. However, the peculiar characteristic of the virus is that it can be living after entering the body of the living organism, causing harmful effects. Since it behaves like dust or dirt outside of our body, it is better to wash them out and prevent it to enter our bodies. In this way, the best way of prevention of this novel COVID-19 viral disease is to wash it out from our hand, rather than killing it by using a disinfectant, hand sanitizer, alcohol-based rub, etc. Key Message: Don’t Get the Virus, Don’t Give the Virus. Since COVID-19 Virus can enter the body from the reservoir mainly through respiratory droplets during coughing, keeping social distance and proper hand-washing are the best way to preventive measure. To prevent the rapid spreading of COVID-19, please strictly follow the following five precautionary and preventive measures yourself and ask others too. HANDS – wash them often with soap and water ELBOW – cough into it FACE – don’t touch it SPACE – keep social distance (> 3feets) FEEL SICK? - Stay home (with proper nursing care)

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