Space Radiation: Central Nervous System Risks

Abstract Some neurotropic enteroviruses hijack Trojan horse/raft commensal gut bacteria to render devastating biomimicking cryptic attacks on human/animal hosts. Such virus-microbe interactions manipulate hosts’ gut-brain axes with accompanying infection-cycle-optimizing central nervous system (CNS) disturbances, including severe neurodevelopmental, neuromotor, and neuropsychiatric conditions. Co-opted bacteria thus indirectly influence host health, development, behavior, and mind as possible “fair-weather-friend” symbionts, switching from commensal to context-dependent pathogen-like strategies benefiting gut-bacteria fitness.

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Decision letter for "Differential expression of five prosomatostatin genes in the central nervous system of the catshark Scyliorhinus canicula"

10.1002/cne.24898/v1/decision1 ◽

2019 ◽

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Differential Expression ◽

Scyliorhinus Canicula ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Review for "The central nervous system of whip spiders (Amblypygi): large mushroom bodies receive olfactory and visual input"

10.1002/cne.25045/v1/review1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Harald Wolf

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Visual Input ◽

Mushroom Bodies ◽

The Central Nervous System

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Effects of Hyperoxia on Lung Utrastructure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100067121 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

Gladys Harrison

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Light Microscopy ◽

Oxygen Effects ◽

Age Dependent ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

The Subject ◽

Space Age ◽

Alveolar Septa ◽

Extensive Damage

With the advent of the space age and the need to determine the requirements for a space cabin atmosphere, oxygen effects came into increased importance, even though these effects have been the subject of continuous research for many years. In fact, Priestly initiated oxygen research when in 1775 he published his results of isolating oxygen and described the effects of breathing it on himself and two mice, the only creatures to have had the “privilege” of breathing this “pure air”.Early studies had demonstrated the central nervous system effects at pressures above one atmosphere. Light microscopy revealed extensive damage to the lungs at one atmosphere. These changes which included perivascular and peribronchial edema, focal hemorrhage, rupture of the alveolar septa, and widespread edema, resulted in death of the animal in less than one week. The severity of the symptoms differed between species and was age dependent, with young animals being more resistant.

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Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100077517 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

pp. 788-789

Author(s):

John L.Beggs ◽

John D. Waggener ◽

Wanda Miller ◽

Jane Watkins

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Osmium Tetroxide ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Arterial Perfusion ◽

E Coli ◽

Intracisternal Injection ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Brain And Spinal Cord ◽

Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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