Oxidizing Intermediates in P450 Catalysis: A Case for Multiple Oxidants

Author(s):  
Anuja R. Modi ◽  
John H. Dawson
Keyword(s):  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Etsuo Niki

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been implicated in the onset and progression of various diseases and the role of antioxidants in the maintenance of health and prevention of diseases has received much attention. The action and effect of antioxidants have been studied extensively under different reaction conditions in multiple media. The antioxidant effects are determined by many factors. This review aims to discuss several important issues that should be considered for determination of experimental conditions and interpretation of experimental results in order to understand the beneficial effects and limit of antioxidants against detrimental oxidation of biological molecules. Emphasis was laid on cell culture experiments and effects of diversity of multiple oxidants on antioxidant efficacy.


2003 ◽  
Vol 409 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Newcomb ◽  
Paul F Hollenberg ◽  
Minor J Coon
Keyword(s):  

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiung-Ta Wu ◽  
Chen-Yu Chang ◽  
Yi-Ying Li ◽  
Po-Hsiung Lin

Abstract The primary goals of this study are to compare the efficiency of multiple oxidants that are produced using different commercially available anodes and separators and to optimize the reaction conditions for the recovery of multiple oxidants from brine. The brine produced in the desalination plants in Taiwan is the concentrated seawater that is recovered after the reverse osmosis process. The main component in the solution is NaCl. On average, chlorine concentration is approximately 3–5% by weight, which is slightly higher than the concentration for normal seawater. This concentrated brine can be used as raw material for the electrolyte to extract mixed disinfectant solutions. This study uses different catalytic electrolyzers to compare the efficiency with which multiple oxidants are produced using anodes that are coated in precious metal. A ruthenium-coated titanium anode generates the largest amount of active chlorine (chlorine dioxide). In terms of the diaphragms that are tested, the DuPont Nafion NE-2030 ion film produces active chlorine most efficiently. If no other chemicals are added to the brine (salinity 11.3%), Cl2 (302–376 mg L−1) is the primary oxidant generated from the original brine, and ClO2 (3.7–7.2 mg L−1) is the minor product in batch electrolysis. This article has been made Open Access thanks to the kind support of CAWQ/ACQE (https://www.cawq.ca).


2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 339-342
Author(s):  
Kuo Shan Yao ◽  
Chen Yu Chang ◽  
Ta Chih Cheng ◽  
Yung Hsu Hsieh ◽  
Shi Ren Weng

Increasing cycle of water circulation in industrial cooling water system caused accumulation of dissolving materials in circulating water. Subsequently, the problems including scaling, fouling, corrosion and slime occurred. The multiple oxidants including chlorine dioxide, ozone, peroxide hydrogen, and chlorine were prepared using diaphragm electrolysis method to alleviate the problems above in the cooling system. Meanwhile multiple oxidants can also inhibit the accumulation of biological dirt and erosion effectively. The efficiency of multiple oxidants to inhibit precipitation of magnesium carbonate and calcium carbonate can be increased by adjustment of pH value in the whole pipeline system to reduce corrosion rate of the pipeline and to achieve energy-water saving goal. The results showed that the high efficiency of chlorine dioxide mixture was an excellent bio-corrosion inhibitor and bio-accumulation bactericide. The residue concentration of mixture oxidants are at the range of 0.05 ~ 0.25 mg ClO2/L that is high enough to restrain the growth of micro-organisms.


2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 2156-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Etsuo Niki

Antioxidant capacity is assessed by the rate and amount of scavenging oxidants and inhibition of lipid oxidation induced by multiple oxidants.


2011 ◽  
Vol 696 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Young

Wagner’s 1959 diffusion model of the internal oxidation process provided a method of predicting the rate at which a binary alloy was penetrated by dissolved oxygen as it precipitated the more reactive (but dilute) alloy component. Parabolic kinetics were predicted to depend on oxygen permeability in the unreacted alloy solvent and also, in cases where the reactive component was sufficiently mobile, the diffusion coefficient of the latter. The model has proven very successful, but is restricted to single oxidant-binary alloy systems, in which the precipitated oxide has extremely low solubility. This paper reviews recent results on a number of internal precipitation processes which cannot be described with the Wagner theory. These include formation of low stability carbides and nitrades; internal precipitation driven by multiple oxidants; the templating effects of prior precipitates on subsequently formed corrosion products; cellular precipitation morphologies; internal interface diffusion effects; volume changes in the reaction zone and the effects upon them of simultaneous external scaling.


1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
pp. 1217-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel J. Simento ◽  
Hae-Geon Lee ◽  
Peter C. Hayes
Keyword(s):  

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