An Overview: Desalination, Environmental and Marine Outfall Systems

2015 ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahad Baawain ◽  
B. S. Choudri ◽  
Mushtaque Ahmed ◽  
Anton Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Marine Outfall

Environmental Impact Evaluation of Istanbul Wastewater Treatment and Marine Disposal Systems

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
T. Zambal ◽  
A. Samsunlu ◽  
E. Göknel
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Sea Of Marmara ◽  
General Evaluation ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Secondary Stage ◽  
Pre Treatment

Metropolitan Istanbul Wastewater Treatment System contains 14 marine outfalls, seven of which include secondary stage biological treatment processes. The others have only mechanical treatment units including bar screens and grit chambers. Only one mechanical pre-treatment and marine disposal system, Yenikapi plant, has been operated since 1988 among these 14 plants and six of them are ready for construction. In this paper, the environmental impact of Yenikapi pretreatment and marine disposal system on the water quality of the Bosphorus and the Sea of Marmara has been investigated. Long term water quality measurements which were performed in pre-and post-dischange applications have been evaluated. Water quality parameters including pH, DO, BODs, TKN, P and total coliforms were measured at various sampling stations around the discharge points. A general evaluation of marine outfall systems to be constructed in the scope of Istanbul wastewater treatment project, on the water quality of the Sea of Marmara and the Bosphorus has been presented.

Marine Outfall Applications on the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Ozturk ◽  
V. Eroglu ◽  
A. Akkoyunlu
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Environmental Engineering ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Pollution Loads ◽  
Quality Measurements

This paper covers research results and construction techniques applied for marine outfall systems of three medium sized cities located on the coast of the Black Sea. The treatability and design data related to the pre-treatraent and marine outfall system of a large pulp and paper mill on the same coast are presented. The preliminary studies and the development of the design criteria of the related marine outfall systems were carried out by the Department of Environmental Engineering of Istanbul Technical University. The scope of the project included oceanographie, hydrographie, and geotechnical surveys and water quality measurements. A construction method, which is widely applied in Turkey for laying of the glass reinforced pipes(GRP), has been evaluated. Pollution loads originated from the land based sources have been given and their probable environmental impacts in the receiving water body have been discussed.

Milliscreening: A Pretreatment Option for Marine Disposal

1986 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 71-81
Author(s):  
A. N. Bannatyne ◽  
J. Speir
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pilot Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Single Pass ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Operational Data

The Hutt Valley Drainage Board Milliscreen Treatment Plant, commissioned in July 1984, treats municipal waste using 0.5mm and 1.0mm wedgewire single pass rotary screens. The plant is designed to remove all gross solids not readily assimilated by the sea and is an alternative to primary treatment prior to discharge into coastal waters via a marine outfall. This paper describes the plant and background to the investigations, pilot plant studies, design, and operational data available to date. Milliscreening as a pretreatment option for marine disposal is also discussed.

Discharge Jet Interaction With Multiple Port Diffusers

1982 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Y. Sorrell ◽  
B. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Near Field ◽  
Flow Dynamics ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Jet Interaction ◽  
Round Jets ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Flow Similarity ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over The Top

A model for the flow dynamics and mixing in the near-field of a multiple port outfall diffuser is postulated. It employs the equations for gross conservation of mass, momentum, and buoyancy of the fluid in the discharge jet or plume. These equations are obtained by assuming flow similarity and then integrating over the cross-sectional area of the plume. Two distinct interactions of the discharge jets or plumes are included in the model. These are the interaction of the individual round jets from the diffuser ports and the merging of the plume from either side of the diffuser, over the top of the diffuser. The resulting equations are closed by the “entrainment assumption” and solved numerically. Results provide the velocity, width, and dilution of the jet or plume. Calculations were made for a number of cases where experimental results were available. The model gives reasonable agreement with the experiments over a wide range of discharge conditions and over the complete range of flow patterns. In most cases it slightly underestimates the mixing or dilution. Therefore the model should be useful in determining the minimum dilution that can be expected from any marine outfall.

Problems related to an existing marine outfall: Marmaris - an example

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231
Author(s):  
A. Samsunlu ◽  
L. Akça ◽  
O. Uslu
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Present System ◽  
Sewage Disposal ◽  
Discharge Pipe ◽  
Sea Bed ◽  
Reinforced Plastic ◽  
Marine Outfall ◽  
South West Coast ◽  
Wastewater Collection

Marmaris is a tourist city on the South-west Coast of Turkey. A sewage disposal project for Marmaris with an estimated population of 39,000 (excluding the temporary tourist population) for the year 2012, was completed in 1982. The sewage disposal system consisted of wastewater collection, treatment and deep sea discharge. The length of discharge pipe was determined as 520 m and a diffuser was placed 20 m below the sea level, so that the total coliform concentration at the protection zone boundary could be less than 1000/100 ml. Following the approval of the project, a wastewater collection and marine disposal system was constructed. The material of the discharge pipe was selected as glass reinforced plastic (GRP). The pipe was buried up to a point 10 m below sea level, so that effects of hydrodynamic forces would be minimized. After that point, the pipe was supported at some location by grout bags due to the uneven sea bed. A few years later, it was recognized that the discharge pipe was broken. The fragile GRP material had fractured as a result of the sliding of some of the supports with resultant free spanning conditions. As a result, the pipe had broken at one point. Although the breakage was repaired, recent data have shown that the water quality in Marmaris Bay has a tendency to be worsening; consequently, adding biological treatment units to the present system is advisable.

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