Brain Lesion Studies

2021 ◽  
pp. 752-754
Author(s):  
Amy Kuceyeski
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Lesion Studies

Super-expressive voices: Music to my ears?

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Simpson ◽  
William T. Oliver ◽  
Dorothy Fragaszy
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Musical Emotion

AbstractWe present evidence from neuroimaging and brain lesion studies that emotional contagion may not be a mechanism underlying musical emotions. Our brains distinguish voice from non-voice sounds early in processing, and dedicate more resources to such processing. We argue that super-expressive voice theory currently cannot account for evidence of the dissociation in processing musical emotion and voice prosody.

Understanding REM sleep: clues from brain lesion studies

2011 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Jaime R. Villablanca ◽  
Isabel de Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Lesion Studies

scholarly journals What Does the Right Hemisphere Know about Phoneme Categories?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wolmetz ◽  
David Poeppel ◽  
Brenda Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Pronounceable Nonword ◽  
The Right ◽  
Category Effects ◽  
Phonemic Category

Innate auditory sensitivities and familiarity with the sounds of language give rise to clear influences of phonemic categories on adult perception of speech. With few exceptions, current models endorse highly left-hemisphere-lateralized mechanisms responsible for the influence of phonemic category on speech perception, based primarily on results from functional imaging and brain-lesion studies. Here we directly test the hypothesis that the right hemisphere does not engage in phonemic analysis. By using fMRI to identify cortical sites sensitive to phonemes in both word and pronounceable nonword contexts, we find evidence that right-hemisphere phonemic sensitivity is limited to a lexical context. We extend the interpretation of these fMRI results through the study of an individual with a left-hemisphere lesion who is right-hemisphere reliant for initial acoustic and phonetic analysis of speech. This individual's performance revealed that the right hemisphere alone was insufficient to allow for typical phonemic category effects but did support the processing of gradient phonetic information in lexical contexts. Taken together, these findings confirm previous claims that the right temporal cortex does not play a primary role in phoneme processing, but they also indicate that lexical context may modulate the involvement of a right hemisphere largely tuned for less abstract dimensions of the speech signal.

scholarly journals Cerebral correlates of imitation of intransitive gestures: An integrative review of neuroimaging data and brain lesion studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lesourd ◽  
François Osiurak ◽  
Josselin Baumard ◽  
Angela Bartolo ◽  
Tim Vanbellingen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Intransitive Gestures

scholarly journals Lesion Quantification Toolkit: A MATLAB software tool for estimating grey matter damage and white matter disconnections in patients with focal brain lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Griffis ◽  
Nicholas V. Metcalf ◽  
Maurizio Corbetta ◽  
Gordon L. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Structural Impacts

AbstractLesion studies are an important tool for cognitive neuroscientists and neurologists. However, while brain lesion studies have traditionally aimed to localize neurological symptoms to specific anatomical loci, a growing body of evidence indicates that neurological diseases such as stroke are best conceptualized as brain network disorders. While researchers in the fields of neuroscience and neurology are therefore increasingly interested in quantifying the effects of focal brain lesions on the white matter connections that form the brain’s structural connectome, few dedicated tools exist to facilitate this endeavor. Here, we present the Lesion Quantification Toolkit, a publicly available MATLAB software package for quantifying the structural impacts of focal brain lesions. The Lesion Quantification Toolkit uses atlas-based approaches to estimate parcel-level grey matter lesion loads and multiple measures of white matter disconnection severity that include tract-level disconnection measures, voxel-wise disconnection maps, and parcel-wise disconnection matrices. The toolkit also estimates lesion-induced increases in the lengths of the shortest structural paths between parcel pairs, which provide information about changes in higher-order structural network topology. We describe in detail each of the different measures produced by the toolkit, discuss their applications and considerations relevant to their use, and perform example analyses using real behavioral data collected from sub-acute stroke patients. We show that analyses performed using the different measures produced by the toolkit produce results that are highly consistent with results that have been reported in the prior literature, and we demonstrate the consistency of results obtained from analyses conducted using the different disconnection measures produced by the toolkit. We anticipate that the Lesion Quantification Toolkit will empower researchers to address research questions that would be difficult or impossible to address using traditional lesion analyses alone, and ultimately, lead to advances in our understanding of how white matter disconnections contribute to the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological consequences of focal brain lesions.

Brain Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Q. Whishaw ◽  
Megan Okuma
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
The Brain

A brain lesion is an area of damage, injury, or abnormal change to a part of the brain. Brain lesions may be caused by head injury, disease, surgery, or congenital disorders, and they are classified by the cause, extent, and locus of injury. Lesions cause many behavioral symptoms. Symptom severity generally corresponds to the region and extent of damaged brain. Thus, behavior is often a reliable indicator of the type and extent of a lesion. Observations of patients suffering brain lesions were first recorded in detail in the 18th century, and lesion studies continue to shape modern neuroscience and to give insight into the functions of brain regions. Recovery, defined as any return of lost behavioral or cognitive function, depends on the age, sex, genetics, and lifestyle of patients, and recovery may be predicted by the cause of injury. Most recovery occurs within the first 6 to 9 months after injury and likely involves a combination of compensatory behaviors and physiological changes in the brain. Children often recover some function after brain lesions better than adults, though both children and adults experience residual deficits. Brain lesion survival rates are improved by better diagnostic tools and treatments. Therapeutic interventions and treatments for brain lesions include surgery, pharmaceuticals, transplants, and temperature regulation, each with varying degrees of success. Research in treating brain lesions is progressing, but in principle a cure will only be complete when brain lesions are replaced with healthy tissue.

scholarly journals Brain disconnections link structural connectivity with function and behaviour

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
Chris Foulon ◽  
Parashkev Nachev
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Open Question

Abstract Brain lesions do not just disable but also disconnect brain areas, which once deprived of their input or output, can no longer subserve behaviour and cognition. The role of white matter connections has remained an open question for the past 250 years. Based on 1333 stroke lesions, here we reveal the human Disconnectome and demonstrate its relationship to the functional segregation of the human brain. Results indicate that functional territories are not only defined by white matter connections, but also by the highly stereotyped spatial distribution of brain disconnections. While the former has granted us the possibility to map 590 functions on the white matter of the whole brain, the latter compels a revision of the taxonomy of brain functions. Overall, our freely available Atlas of White Matter Function will enable improved clinical-neuroanatomical predictions for brain lesion studies and provide a platform for explorations in the domain of cognition.

scholarly journals Brain disconnections link structural connectivity with function and behaviour

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Thiebaut de Schotten ◽  
Chris Foulon ◽  
Parashkev Nachev
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Structural Connectivity ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Open Question

AbstractBrain lesions do not just disable but also disconnect brain areas, which once deprived of their input or output, can no longer subserve behaviour and cognition. The role of white matter connections has remained an open question for the past 250 years. Based on 1333 stroke lesions we reveal the human Disconnectome and demonstrate its relationship to the functional segregation of the human brain. Results indicate that functional territories are not only defined by white matter connections, but also by the highly stereotyped spatial distribution of brain disconnections. While the former has granted us the possibility to map 590 functions on the white matter of the whole brain, the latter compels a revision of the taxonomy of brain functions. Overall, our freely available Functional Atlas of the White Matter will enable improved clinical-neuroanatomical predictions for brain lesion studies and provide a platform for novel explorations in the domain of cognition.

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