Musical Function and Temporal Lobe Structures: A review of Brain Lesion Studies

1999 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S�verine Samson
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Musical Function

EPILEPSY IN THE ELDERLY: GETTING TO THE HEART OF THE MATTER, A CASE REPORT

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (11) ◽  
pp. e4.150-e4
Author(s):  
Lliwen Jones ◽  
Ann Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Conduction Abnormality ◽  
Epilepsy In The Elderly ◽  
Life Saving ◽  
Pr Interval ◽  
Altered Awareness ◽  
Pacemaker Insertion

A 77-year old man presented following two episodes of altered awareness, with facial and hand automatisms. He had been seizure-free for 23 years, taking phenytoin following excision of a meningioma.A diagnosis of symptomatic temporal lobe focal seizures was made and phenytoin substituted with carbamazepine. A 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) revealed prolonged PR interval of 288 milliseconds. MR imaging revealed a residual right temporal lobe cystic lesion with focal enhancement. Following discussion at the epilepsy-cardiology multidisciplinary meeting (MDT) and anticipating a neurosurgical/anaesthetic work-up, a 24-hour ECG was performed, which demonstrated high grade atrioventricular block with 6.5 seconds of ventricular standstill.He was admitted as an emergency, during which he collapsed with further ventricular standstill. He underwent pacemaker insertion, remaining seizure-free.This case illustrates the challenges of epilepsy consultations and management in the elderly with dual pathology. The urgency here was not the potential re-occurrence of the brain lesion, but the conduction abnormality which unmasked serious cardiac pathology. Careful evaluation of the ECG is vital in all patients presenting with episodes of altered consciousness however the pursuit of a recognised benign cardiac conduction abnormality may in the elderly just prove life-saving. The value of a dedicated epilepsy-cardiology MDT therefore cannot be underestimated.

Super-expressive voices: Music to my ears?

2008 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A. Simpson ◽  
William T. Oliver ◽  
Dorothy Fragaszy
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Emotional Contagion ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Musical Emotion

AbstractWe present evidence from neuroimaging and brain lesion studies that emotional contagion may not be a mechanism underlying musical emotions. Our brains distinguish voice from non-voice sounds early in processing, and dedicate more resources to such processing. We argue that super-expressive voice theory currently cannot account for evidence of the dissociation in processing musical emotion and voice prosody.

scholarly journals Delayed presentation of cerebral schistosomiasis presenting as a tumor-like brain lesion

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suradech Suthiphosuwan ◽  
Amy Lin ◽  
Andrew F Gao ◽  
David G Munoz ◽  
Julian Spears ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Parasitic Infection ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scan ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anterior Temporal Lobe

Schistosomiasis is the second most common parasitic infection worldwide. North America is a nonendemic area. However, there are occasional case reports among travelers and immigrants from endemic regions. We describe a case of a 55-year-old Canadian woman who presented with first episode of seizure. Her magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a mass-like lesion involving the left anterior temporal lobe. The lesion showed T1 hypo- and T2 hyperintense with perilesional brain edema. On post-gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted sequence, the lesion showed multiple small nodular and linear enhancements, also called an “arborized” appearance. Initially, the lesion was thought to be a malignant tumor. She underwent left anterior temporal lobe resection. Histologic examination showed parasitic eggs with a characteristic lateral spine consistent with Schistosoma mansoni infection. Upon subsequent questioning, it was revealed that the patient lived in Ghana from the ages of 8–10 years and she visited Ghana again 10 years prior for two weeks. She recalled swimming in beaches and rivers. Latent disease, as in this case with presentation, many years or decades after presumed exposure is rare but has been reported. Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging findings may suggest the diagnosis and facilitate noninvasive work-up.

scholarly journals Neuropsychology of the temporal lobe: Luria's and contemporary conceptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira ◽  
Bruno Hideki Tamaishi-Watanabe ◽  
Micheli Patrícia de Fátima Magri ◽  
Roqueline A.G.M.F. Aversi-Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Photon Emission ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Epistemological Foundation ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Number Of Patients

ABSTRACT Brain lesion studies currently employ techniques such as computed tomography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission tomography and positron emission tomography. Famous neuropsychologist Alexander Romanovich Luria’s studies on cognition were conducted without the use of imaging technology for many years, in a large number of patients with brain lesions, and explored complex behavior and specific brain functions involving the lobes and subareas. For instance, he carried out several specific studies on memory and mental organization, reported in his books. The objective of this study is to associate recent studies in neuropsychology with Luria’s work specifically on the temporal lobe. According to the data studied, Luria’s epistemological foundation remains the basis for neuropsychological studies today, but new data on the temporal lobe in relation to epilepsy and hippocampus analysis have been introduced into the scope of neuropsychology. This study focuses on earlier data from Luria’s studies on the neuropsychological functions of the temporal lobe, comparing these with more recent data. However, in order to improve clinical aspects, a detailed study on the neuropsychological tests used for the temporal lobe should be performed.

Understanding REM sleep: clues from brain lesion studies

2011 ◽  
pp. 89-98
Author(s):  
Jaime R. Villablanca ◽  
Isabel de Andrés
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Lesion Studies

scholarly journals What Does the Right Hemisphere Know about Phoneme Categories?

2011 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 552-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Wolmetz ◽  
David Poeppel ◽  
Brenda Rapp
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Temporal Cortex ◽  
Primary Role ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Pronounceable Nonword ◽  
The Right ◽  
Category Effects ◽  
Phonemic Category

Innate auditory sensitivities and familiarity with the sounds of language give rise to clear influences of phonemic categories on adult perception of speech. With few exceptions, current models endorse highly left-hemisphere-lateralized mechanisms responsible for the influence of phonemic category on speech perception, based primarily on results from functional imaging and brain-lesion studies. Here we directly test the hypothesis that the right hemisphere does not engage in phonemic analysis. By using fMRI to identify cortical sites sensitive to phonemes in both word and pronounceable nonword contexts, we find evidence that right-hemisphere phonemic sensitivity is limited to a lexical context. We extend the interpretation of these fMRI results through the study of an individual with a left-hemisphere lesion who is right-hemisphere reliant for initial acoustic and phonetic analysis of speech. This individual's performance revealed that the right hemisphere alone was insufficient to allow for typical phonemic category effects but did support the processing of gradient phonetic information in lexical contexts. Taken together, these findings confirm previous claims that the right temporal cortex does not play a primary role in phoneme processing, but they also indicate that lexical context may modulate the involvement of a right hemisphere largely tuned for less abstract dimensions of the speech signal.

scholarly journals Cerebral correlates of imitation of intransitive gestures: An integrative review of neuroimaging data and brain lesion studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 ◽  
pp. 44-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Lesourd ◽  
François Osiurak ◽  
Josselin Baumard ◽  
Angela Bartolo ◽  
Tim Vanbellingen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Neuroimaging Data ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Intransitive Gestures

scholarly journals Lesion Quantification Toolkit: A MATLAB software tool for estimating grey matter damage and white matter disconnections in patients with focal brain lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Griffis ◽  
Nicholas V. Metcalf ◽  
Maurizio Corbetta ◽  
Gordon L. Shulman
Keyword(s):  
White Matter ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Brain Network ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Matlab Software ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
Structural Impacts

AbstractLesion studies are an important tool for cognitive neuroscientists and neurologists. However, while brain lesion studies have traditionally aimed to localize neurological symptoms to specific anatomical loci, a growing body of evidence indicates that neurological diseases such as stroke are best conceptualized as brain network disorders. While researchers in the fields of neuroscience and neurology are therefore increasingly interested in quantifying the effects of focal brain lesions on the white matter connections that form the brain’s structural connectome, few dedicated tools exist to facilitate this endeavor. Here, we present the Lesion Quantification Toolkit, a publicly available MATLAB software package for quantifying the structural impacts of focal brain lesions. The Lesion Quantification Toolkit uses atlas-based approaches to estimate parcel-level grey matter lesion loads and multiple measures of white matter disconnection severity that include tract-level disconnection measures, voxel-wise disconnection maps, and parcel-wise disconnection matrices. The toolkit also estimates lesion-induced increases in the lengths of the shortest structural paths between parcel pairs, which provide information about changes in higher-order structural network topology. We describe in detail each of the different measures produced by the toolkit, discuss their applications and considerations relevant to their use, and perform example analyses using real behavioral data collected from sub-acute stroke patients. We show that analyses performed using the different measures produced by the toolkit produce results that are highly consistent with results that have been reported in the prior literature, and we demonstrate the consistency of results obtained from analyses conducted using the different disconnection measures produced by the toolkit. We anticipate that the Lesion Quantification Toolkit will empower researchers to address research questions that would be difficult or impossible to address using traditional lesion analyses alone, and ultimately, lead to advances in our understanding of how white matter disconnections contribute to the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological consequences of focal brain lesions.

Brain Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Q. Whishaw ◽  
Megan Okuma
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Brain Lesion ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Brain Lesions ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Compensatory Behaviors ◽  
Lesion Studies ◽  
The Brain

A brain lesion is an area of damage, injury, or abnormal change to a part of the brain. Brain lesions may be caused by head injury, disease, surgery, or congenital disorders, and they are classified by the cause, extent, and locus of injury. Lesions cause many behavioral symptoms. Symptom severity generally corresponds to the region and extent of damaged brain. Thus, behavior is often a reliable indicator of the type and extent of a lesion. Observations of patients suffering brain lesions were first recorded in detail in the 18th century, and lesion studies continue to shape modern neuroscience and to give insight into the functions of brain regions. Recovery, defined as any return of lost behavioral or cognitive function, depends on the age, sex, genetics, and lifestyle of patients, and recovery may be predicted by the cause of injury. Most recovery occurs within the first 6 to 9 months after injury and likely involves a combination of compensatory behaviors and physiological changes in the brain. Children often recover some function after brain lesions better than adults, though both children and adults experience residual deficits. Brain lesion survival rates are improved by better diagnostic tools and treatments. Therapeutic interventions and treatments for brain lesions include surgery, pharmaceuticals, transplants, and temperature regulation, each with varying degrees of success. Research in treating brain lesions is progressing, but in principle a cure will only be complete when brain lesions are replaced with healthy tissue.

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