Office Buildings/Commercial Buildings: Trends and Perspectives

2015 ◽  
pp. 203-216
Author(s):  
Dionysia Denia Kolokotsa
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings

scholarly journals Development of new baseline models for U.S. medium office buildings based on commercial buildings energy consumption survey data

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1321-1336
Author(s):  
Yunyang Ye ◽  
Yingli Lou ◽  
Matthew Strong ◽  
Satish Upadhyaya ◽  
Wangda Zuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Consumption Survey

scholarly journals The Pedestrian's Office Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zoe Redwood
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Urban Issues

<p>According to urban theorist Jan Gehl (2004), Wellington’s central business district (CBD) lacks pedestrian vibrancy. Gehl identifies impermeability, caused by many large footprint commercial buildings with closed street frontages and privatised ground floors, as the main weakness in the city’s urban fabric . This thesis seeks to address Gehl’s findings that commercial buildings create a sterile pedestrian environment because of their disengaged street frontages, lack of programmatic diversity and negative impact on the connectivity of the pedestrian network.  A current lack of high end commercial office buildings in Wellington’s CBD creates an architectural opportunity to reconsider the way in which office buildings are integrated into the urban environment. In this thesis the office building is used as a tool to realistically investigate how these new buildings can address the urban issues raised by Gehl, and enhance the pedestrian experience.  This research uses the design principles in Nan Ellin’s Integral Urbanism to find a solution for the urban problems identified by Gehl. Three architectural and urban principles are used as devices to integrate the vertical office tower into the horizontal streetscape; hybridity, porosity and connectivity. This design proposition investigates an office building on the corner of Jervois Quay and Willeston Street in the Wellington CBD. This site is identified as a particularly weak area of the urban fabric challenged by a disconnection from the nearby waterfront; by the six lane highway, Jervois Quay.  The site-specific problem combined with the challenges of the market driven Wellington office typology is explored through an iterative design process to create a commercially feasible, site-specific design solution. Ultimately this research found that through applying urban design principles, office towers can better integrate into the urban environment to create a more pedestrian orientated city.</p>

Chicago School

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Merwood-Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
American West ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
New Objectivity ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
International Style ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Subject

While contemporary scholars question the existence of a cohesive “Chicago School” of architecture, there is no doubt that by the mid-1890s Chicago came to be recognized nationally and internationally for the technological and aesthetic innovation evident in a number of commercial buildings erected in the downtown business area known as the Loop. These buildings serviced the rapid growth of a city founded earlier in the century as a major trading hub linking the East Coast and the American “West.” Principally office buildings, some were erected for particular companies while others were built as speculative ventures. These innovations were known first as the “commercial style,” then simply as “tall office buildings”; the term “skycraper” came into popular use around 1895. In order to find the correct expression for this unprecedented building type, local architects adapted historical styles including the neo-Gothic, the Romanesque, the Venetian, and the neoclassical. In their published writings, they positioned their work as the development of an indigenous American style particular to the region. By the 1920s, critics described this style as the product of an identifiable “Chicago School.” The idea of such a school played, and continues to play, a significant role in histories of modern architecture. For much of the 20th century, the term referred to a select group of commercial buildings erected between roughly 1883 and 1910. During that period, the Chicago School was positioned as precursor to the modern or International style, prefiguring the functionalism and “new objectivity” of the early-20th-century European avant-garde. Since the 1980s, scholars have dismantled the narrow and monolithic view of the subject, placing its key monuments back within the specific social and economic concerns of the late 19th century, introducing a wider range of projects and typologies for consideration, and including projects constructed up until about 1920. There is less emphasis on aesthetic commonality, and more on the diversity of built responses to the forces of industrialization, urbanization, and capitalism that shaped the American city. The texts listed here survey the Chicago School as it was defined during the 20th century as well as more recent scholarship that questions the canonical view.

Damage to non-structural components and contents in 2010 Darfield earthquake

2010 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajesh P. Dhakal
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Structural Systems ◽  
Structural Components

This paper describes the performance of (or damage to) non-structural components and contents in buildings during the 4th September 2010 Darfield (Canterbury) earthquake and the subsequent aftershocks. Even in buildings with little damage to their structural systems, non-structural and content damages were significant; and these damages were reported to have increased during the aftershocks (especially those of magnitude 5 and higher). Most commonly damaged non-structural components were brick chimneys, parapets, ceilings, facades, internal walls and windows. The nature and extent of damages in each of these components are discussed in this paper with the help of typical damage photos taken after the earthquake. The extent of content damage in a building was dependent on its usage; typically buildings using racks/shelves for displaying commodities (such as library, departmental stores, liquor shops etc) suffered significantly greater loss from content damage than residential houses, office buildings and other types of commercial buildings.

scholarly journals Analysis of environmental aspects affecting comfort in commercial buildings

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (Suppl. 3) ◽  
pp. 819-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Antoniadou ◽  
Effrosyni Giama ◽  
Agis Papadopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Building Stock ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Environmental Friendly ◽  
Indoor Conditions

Environmental aspects are of high priority for the identification and evaluation of the parameters that affect the design and construction of buildings. Their improvement in case of the existing European building stock while considering and maintaining the occupants? comfort sensation in high levels, is imperative for creating an environmental friendly building. The combination of those aspects can upgrade the indoor conditions leading to the creation of an appealing workspace where the well fair of the occupants is established. In this line of approach, an integrated evaluation of the indoor environmental parameters was conducted in office buildings, located in Thessaloniki, Greece, based on the occupants? comfort sensation. Main goal of the study is the determination of the existing correlations between the perceived comfort sensation and a variety of environmental parameters considered in building rating certification schemes. Those correlations can outline the weight of every aspect based on the occupants' view and also help the policy makers to accomplish the vision of an environmental sustainable, not only concerning the energy consumption but also the occupants, building.

scholarly journals Revaluation Of Wrocław Public Use Buildings In Years 2005 - 2013

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Kirschke
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Department Stores ◽  
Public Buildings ◽  
The Public ◽  
Science And Education ◽  
Effective Supervision

Abstract In the years 2005-2013 in Wroclaw, there was commissioned to use hundreds of public buildings, including fifty revalued monuments These were: offices, museums, theatres, science and education facilities, as well as commercial buildings: banks, department stores, office buildings and hotels. The success of these projects was the merit of Wroclaw scientists who nurtured these outstanding works of architecture and convince the public to the fact that they stand for works which cannot be missed. The merit of architects and conservators was professionally prepared projects and effective supervision of investment, making the implementation of technical and program objectives not colliding with protection of historic material of the objects.

scholarly journals CHANGE & CONTROL OF EVACUATION SAFETY THROUGH CONVERSION OF OFFICE BUILDINGS TO COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS(Fire Safety)

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 181-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuji MORIYAMA ◽  
Yuji HASEMI ◽  
Takuya FUJIMURA ◽  
Marie KIFUNE
Keyword(s):  
Fire Safety ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Evacuation Safety

scholarly journals The Pedestrian's Office Building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Zoe Redwood
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Urban Fabric ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Urban Issues

<p>According to urban theorist Jan Gehl (2004), Wellington’s central business district (CBD) lacks pedestrian vibrancy. Gehl identifies impermeability, caused by many large footprint commercial buildings with closed street frontages and privatised ground floors, as the main weakness in the city’s urban fabric . This thesis seeks to address Gehl’s findings that commercial buildings create a sterile pedestrian environment because of their disengaged street frontages, lack of programmatic diversity and negative impact on the connectivity of the pedestrian network.  A current lack of high end commercial office buildings in Wellington’s CBD creates an architectural opportunity to reconsider the way in which office buildings are integrated into the urban environment. In this thesis the office building is used as a tool to realistically investigate how these new buildings can address the urban issues raised by Gehl, and enhance the pedestrian experience.  This research uses the design principles in Nan Ellin’s Integral Urbanism to find a solution for the urban problems identified by Gehl. Three architectural and urban principles are used as devices to integrate the vertical office tower into the horizontal streetscape; hybridity, porosity and connectivity. This design proposition investigates an office building on the corner of Jervois Quay and Willeston Street in the Wellington CBD. This site is identified as a particularly weak area of the urban fabric challenged by a disconnection from the nearby waterfront; by the six lane highway, Jervois Quay.  The site-specific problem combined with the challenges of the market driven Wellington office typology is explored through an iterative design process to create a commercially feasible, site-specific design solution. Ultimately this research found that through applying urban design principles, office towers can better integrate into the urban environment to create a more pedestrian orientated city.</p>

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Analysis of Energy and Daylighting Impact of Window Shading Systems and Control Strategies on Commercial Buildings in the United States

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2401
Author(s):  
Niraj Kunwar ◽  
Mahabir Bhandari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Increase Energy Efficiency ◽  
Occupant Comfort ◽  
The Impact

Commercial buildings consume approximately 1.9 EJ of energy in the United States, 50% of which is for heating, cooling, and lighting applications. It is estimated that windows contribute up to 34% of the energy used for heating and cooling. However, window retrofits are not often undertaken to increase energy efficiency because of the high cost and disruptive nature of window installation. Highly efficient window technologies would also need shading devices for glare prevention and visual comfort. An automated window shading system with an appropriate control strategy is a technology that can reduce energy demand, maintain occupant comfort, and enhance the aesthetics and privacy of the built environment. However, the benefits of the automated shades currently used by the shading industry are not well studied. The topic merits an analysis that will help building owners, designers and engineers, and utilities make informed decisions using knowledge of the impact of this technology on energy consumption, peak demand, daylighting, and occupant comfort. This study uses integrated daylight and whole-building energy simulation to evaluate the performance of various control strategies that the shading industry uses in commercial office buildings. The analysis was performed for three different vintages of medium office buildings at six different locations in United States. The results obtained show the control strategies enabled cooling energy savings of up to 40% using exterior shading, and lighting energy savings of up to 25%. The control strategies described can help building engineers and researchers explore different control methods used to control shading in actual buildings but rarely discussed in the literature. This information will give researchers the opportunity to investigate potential improvements in current technologies and their performance.

Frank Lloyd Wright, Vertical Space, and the Chicago School's Quest for Light

1985 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith L. Clausen
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Commercial Buildings ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Natural Light ◽  
Frank Lloyd Wright ◽  
Original Function ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
School Architecture ◽  
Motivating Factor

Throughout his career, top-lit vertical spaces played a prominent role in Wright's work, in his domestic as well as civic and commercial buildings. Their source lies in late-19th-century tall office buildings, where the need for natural light was crucial. The quest for light as a major motivating factor in the development of Chicago School architecture, the solution of the glazed light court and Wright's familiarity with it, and the paramount importance of these impressive light-filled spaces in his work well after they had outlived their original function, are all factors long overlooked by historians.

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