A Voronoi- Ant Colony based Routing (VoR-Ant-R) Algorithm for WMSNs

Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) have been used in many applications and powerful distributed systems. But the performance of WMSNs is suffering from the occurrence of energy holes. To improve the performance of the network and packet delivery ratio, a Voronoi-Ant colony based Routing (VoR-Ant-R) algorithm is proposed for WMSNs to discover the energy holes and finds the shortest path from the source to destination in the WMSNs even though faces some obstacles. The WMSNs are constructed using the Voronoi structure to bypass energy holes. After bypassing the energy hole in the path; an ACO is introduced to select a neighborhood node for data forwarding. This ACO constructs the shortest optimized path to enhance the performance of the WMSNs. The proposed work is experimentally compared with other algorithms such as IEEABR, EEABR, SC, and BEES. The simulation results show that VoR-Ant-R can increase energy efficiency, success rate, reduces energy consumption, and latency.

Light Shelf Development Using Folding Technology and Photovoltaic Modules to Increase Energy Efficiency in Building

Some recent research in the area of light shelves has been focused on applying photovoltaic modules to light shelves to save building energy. However, due to the modules installed on the light shelf reflectors, most such light shelves have failed to improve both daylighting and generation efficiency. This study proposes a folding technology to improve light shelves’ daylighting and generation efficiency that uses photovoltaic modules and validates their performance using a testbed. The major obtained findings are as follows: (1) The proposed folding technology has a structure in which reflectors and photovoltaic modules fold alternately by modularizing the light shelf. The reflector and photovoltaic modules are controlled by adjusting the degree of folding. (2) Because light shelf angles for improving daylighting and generation differed depending on the application of the photovoltaic module, the optimal light shelf specifications differed. (3) Compared to previous light shelf technologies, the light shelf with folding technology and a photovoltaic module reduced energy use by 31.3% to 38.2%. This demonstrates the efficacy of the proposed system. (4) Applying a photovoltaic module can lower the indoor uniformity ratio, which means that the daylighting performance of the light shelf is degraded due to the reduction of the area occupied by the reflector.

Electrification of a Milstein-type Catalyst for Alcohol Reformation

Novel energy and atom efficiency processes will be keys to develop the sustainable chemical industry of the future. Electrification could play an important role, by allowing to fine-tune energy input and using the ideal redox agent: the electron. Here we demonstrate that a commercially available Milstein ruthenium cata-lyst (1) can be used to promote the electrochemical oxidation of ethanol to ethyl acetate and acetate, thus demonstrating the four electron oxidation under preparative conditions. Cyclic voltammetry and DFT-calculations are used to devise a possible catalytic cycle based on a thermal chemical step generating the key hydride intermediate. Successful electrification of Milstein-type catalysts opens pathway to use alcohols as renewable feedstock for the generation of esters and other key building blocks in organic chemistry, thus contributing to increase energy efficiency in organic redox chemistry.

Determining the awareness and knowledge of officers towards ship energy efficiency measures

Improving energy efficiency practices on ships is crucial for both economic and environmental purposes. Both technical and operational applications are made to increase energy efficiency on ships. The success of energy efficiency applications on ships depends on the effective work of seafarers. Therefore, awareness and knowledge about the energy efficiency of seafarers should be enough. The aim of the study is to determine the awareness and knowledge level of seafarers on energy efficiency on ships and to evaluate energy efficiency practices in maritime transportation companies from the perception of seafarers. In the study, the survey method was used. As a result of the survey, it was found that the knowledge level of the seafarers on ship energy efficiency was low, almost half of them did not receive energy efficiency training but they were informed about the importance of the issue. At the end of the study, it was evaluated that the awareness and knowledge level of officers should be increased in order to improve energy efficiency on ships and suggestions on this issue were determined.

PECULIARITIES OF DETERMINATION OF ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF EXECUTIBILITY OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MEASURES TO INCREASE ENERGY EFFICIENCY

The work is devoted to the analysis of the peculiarities of determining the economic indicators of the feasibility of implementing measures to improve energy efficiency. In contrast to energy saving, which aims to reduce the consumption of energy resources, energy efficiency is a matter of appropriate energy consumption. That is, the use of less energy for the same level of supply of buildings or industries. The topic is relevant, because now energy prices are rising every year. At the same time, the International Energy Agency estimates an increase in total resource needs by 25% by 2040. To achieve this goal, standard measures aimed at improving the energy efficiency of buildings, the effects of the implementation of these measures, a number of economic indicators, including PP, ARR, NPV, PI, BCR, SIR, MARR, IRR and DPP, were analyzed, evaluated and grouped. The focus was on the dynamic group of indicators due to the fact that their calculation involves the use of a discounting procedure. The general scheme of all dynamic indicators is the same and is based on forecasting costs and revenues for the planning period. The indicators of this group take into account changes in the value of money over time, which is neglected by the indicators of the static group. The most popular indicators are the calculation of net present value (NPV) and the definition of profitability index (PI). This work can be used to solve the problem of low energy efficiency and insufficient funding for the modernization of the building

Power consumption management method objects of the regional electrotechnical complex based on the accounting of an additional resource

В настоящей статье рассматривается метод управления электропотреблением объектов регионального электротехнического комплекса на основе учёта добавочного ресурса. Актуальность его разработки обусловлена существующими тенденциями развития цифровой экономики во всех отраслях региональной экономики, в том числе - в припортовых комплексах региона. Важной составляющей современной цифровой экономики выступает цифровая энергетика, позволяющая регулировать управление бизнес-процессами в энергетической сфере. Обеспечение электроэнергией регионального припортового комплекса осуществляется с помощью двух подсистем регионального электроэнергетического комплекса: регионального транспортно-сетевого комплекса и регионального электротехнического комплекса. Важной задачей развития цифровой энергетики является разработка и внедрение цифровых сервисов. На сегодняшний день в региональных транспортно-сетевом и электротехническом комплексах внедрено значительное число цифровых сервисов. Однако они носят преимущественно «учётный» характер, в результате чего не способны в полной мере реализовать управление энергетическими процессами, существенно сократить затраты и повысить уровень энергоэффективности. Предлагаемый метод включает в себя модель и методики, позволяющие установить границы начала и завершения бифуркационных процессов, реализовать прогнозирование электропотребления объектов РТСК и РЭК на основе учёта добавочного ресурса и осуществить режимное нормирование электропотребления объектов, не нарушая технологического процесса. Применение данного метода может быть осуществлено в рамках динамического моделирования процесса электропотребления, исследования бифуркационных процессов, а также в качестве теоретической основы для создания сервисного программного обеспечения цифровых платформ управления электропотреблением для РТСК, РЭК и региональных припортовых комплексов. This article discusses the method of managing the electrical consumption of a regional electrical complex based on the accounting of an additional resource. The relevance of its development is due to the existing trends in the development of the digital economy in all sectors of the region, including in regional port complexes. An important component of the digital economy is digital energy, which allows regulating the management of business processes in the energy sector. The provision of electricity to the regional port complex is carried out with the help of two subsystems of the regional electric power complex: the regional transport and network complex and the regional electrical complex. An important task of the development of digital energy is the development and implementation of digital services. To date, a fairly large number of digital services have been introduced in RTSC and REC. However, they are more "accounting" in nature and are unable to fully implement the management of energy processes in order to increase energy efficiency and reduce costs. The proposed method includes a model and methods that allow determining the boundaries of the beginning and completion of bifurcation processes, implementing forecasting of electrical consumption of RTSC and REC facilities based on accounting for additional resources and implementing regime rationing of electrical consumption of facilities without disrupting the technological process. The application of this method can be carried out within the framework of dynamic modeling of the electrical consumption process, the study of bifurcation processes, as well as a theoretical basis for creating service software for digital electrical consumption management platforms for the regional transport and network complex, regional electrical grid complex and regional port complexes.

Combined Method of Flow-Reduced Dump Load for Frequency Control of an Autonomous Micro-Hydropower in AC Microgrids

Nowadays, microgrids (MGs) play a crucial role in modern power systems due to possibility of integrating renewable energies into grid-connected or islanded power systems. The Load Frequency Control (LFC) is an issue of paramount importance to ensure MGs reliable and safe operation. Specifically, in AC MGs, primary frequency control of each energy source can be guaranteed in order to integrate other energy sources. This paper proposes a micro-hydro frequency control scheme, combining the control of a reduced dump load and the nozzle flow control of Pelton turbines operating in autonomous regime. Some works have reported the integration of dump load and flow control methods, but they did not reduce the dump load value and adjust the nozzle flow linearly to the power value demanded by users, causing the inefficient use of water. Simulation results were obtained in Matlab®/Simulink® using models obtained from previous research and proven by means of experimental studies. The simulation of the proposed scheme shows that the frequency control in this plant is done in correspondence with the Cuban NC62-04 norm of power energy quality. In addition, it is possible to increase energy efficiency by reducing the value of the resistive dump load by up to 7.5% in a case study. The validation result shows a 60% reduction of overshoot and settling time of frequency temporal behavior of the autonomous micro-hydro.

Innovative electrical engineering developed for the transport industry by the Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University

Objective: To familiarize the general scientific community with the latest electrotechnical innovative developments for the transport industry, carried out by the scientists of the Emperor Alexander I Petersburg State Transport University in the period from 2000 to 2021. Methods: We used the methods of calculation of electromagnetic fields and circuits, mathematical analysis, mathematical physics and numerical methods in the development of the described devices and systems. Results: 101 We developed a pipeline high-speed magnetolevitation transport system with vehicle movement in a rarefied atmosphere, a series of pantograph pantographs for heavy-loaded and high-speed trains using solid lubricants and a contactless method of transmitting electrical energy, a plasma device for fine cleaning of circuit boards for microcircuits, a device for creating a comfortable climate in office premises, electrohydroimpulse installations designed for loosening frozen coal in gondola cars in winter, shock tests of wagons, escalators and travalators using linear electric motors, high-speed electric switches-breakers, heat generators based on an electromechanical converter with the functions of a heater and pump, a wagon generator with a forced excitation system, a pulse voltage generator, allowing to measure the pulse resistance of the grounding conductors of the contact network supports, a complex of installations for various purposes using ozone technologies, a system for laser monitoring of the integrity of tanks, a device for diagnosing the degree of corrosion of the fittings of contact supports, an electrohydroimpulse installation for impact welding, treatment plants, technology for recycling car tires, security systems of the main trackbed. Practical importance: The use of the described developments will increase energy efficiency, energy saving and safety of production processes in transport

Methodology of system analysis for research of energy efficiency problems in Ukraine

The results of the research on the application of a systematic approach to solving energy efficiency problems in Ukraine are presented. The reasons for restraining the level of energy efficiency are highlighted, among which are the hollowing: ineffective policy of incentives to reduce energy consumption; lack of investments and conditions for their attraction; inefficient tariff and price policy in the energy sector of the economy, non-compliance with regulations, programs of various levels and measures. The need to increase the level of energy efficiency in Ukraine is substantiated and a system analysis is proposed to solve this problem. The methodology of systems analysis is implemented using a systems approach, in particular, to the interpretation of the process of energy efficiency development as an open, nonlinear, complex system. As an element of systems analysis, the study uses a multilevel approach, which provides an opportunity to consider the object of study at different hierarchical levels: the international community, state, industry, region and individual. It is noted that in order to successfully develop the progress of energy efficiency in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account global trends and recent large-scale changes in this area. Examples of progress realization at the state level are given, in particular, implementation of a large number of legal acts, a number of stimulating measures for energy saving, etc. The importance of the sectoral level to increase energy efficiency in Ukraine is indicated. The importance of energy efficiency potential at the regional level is emphasized, which can give a significant boost to its entire economy and significantly improve the lives of the population. The importance of optimizing the process of energy efficiency at the level of various institutions is presented; as one of the options for solving this problem, it is proposed to popularize its benefits both among the population and the individual. The multilevel approach to energy efficiency in Ukraine proposed in the study presupposes an integrated combination of efforts at different levels and a synergistic effect of solving the problem. Key words: energy efficiency, system, multilevel approach

"With great power comes great responsibility": Understanding the behavioural determinants of residential energy efficiency in Wellington

<p>Recognition of the need for a transformation in our global energy systems to combat climate change has brought about an increased drive to curb energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. The residential sector is a prominent energy user and a key focus for this transition to a low carbon future. Psychology has played an increasingly important role in energy policy with an understanding that individuals act on motivators beyond economic explanations. This study provides a psychological evaluation of a residential energy efficiency intervention based in Wellington, New Zealand in order to develop a deeper understanding of how energy interventions engage participants in change and how they can be made more effective. The Wellington intervention uses a tailored information approach through a home energy audit to promote both efficiency and curtailment behaviours in local homes. By measuring before and after energy consumption changes in combination with salient psychological determinants, this quantitative study examines energy changes following the audit programme and the motivations involved in making these changes. The psychological determinants explored are the fundamental values held by programme participants as well as their level of concern for the environment. Analysis showed energy consumption changes following the audit to be variable and inconclusive as to the effectiveness of the overall programme. Values contributed a significant influence with self-transcendent values being a positive predictor of the number of efficiency behaviours implemented after the programme. This suggests that appealing to the altruistic concerns and collective interests salient within the self-transcendence value dimension when designing and implementing an intervention could aid uptake of energy conservation behaviour in future interventions.</p>