Topic Study Group No. 35: Role of Ethnomathematics in Mathematics Education

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o papel que assumiu um grupo de estudos e pesquisas no processo de significação dos seus sujeitos-participantes no que diz respeito à organização do ensino de Matemática na perspectiva lógico-histórica. A investigação é qualitativa, e se constituiu em um estudo de caso fundamentado na teoria histórico-cultural. Os resultados revelaram que a constituição de espaços coletivos de discussão sobre a organização do ensino de Matemática contribui tanto para superar a competência individual dos sujeitos quanto para pensar a formação dos professores e futuros professores como uma atividade compartilhada.Palavras-chave: Educação matemática histórico-cultural, Organização do ensino de matemática, Grupos de estudos, Processo de significação.AbstractThe purpose of this article is to present the role of a group of studies and research has assumed in the making-meaning process of its subject-participants concerning the organization of mathematics teaching in the logical-historical perspective. The investigation is qualitative and constituted a case study based on the cultural-historical theory. The results revealed that the constitution of collective spaces for discussion on the organization of the Mathematics teaching contributes both to overcome the individual competence of the subjects and to think about teachers' and future teachers' education as a shared activity.Keywords: Cultural-historical mathematics education, Mathematics teaching organization, Study groups, Process of Signification.ResumenEl propósito de este artículo es presentar el papel que un grupo de estudios e investigaciones ha asumido en el proceso de creación de significado de sus sujetos-participantes en la organización de la enseñanza de las matemáticas en la perspectiva lógico-histórica. La investigación es cualitativa y constituye un estudio de caso basado en la teoría histórico-cultural. Los resultados revelaron que la constitución de espacios colectivos de discusión sobre la organización de la enseñanza de la Matemática contribuye tanto a superar la competencia individual de las asignaturas como a pensar en la formación de docentes y futuros docentes como una actividad compartida.Palabras clave: Educación matemática histórico-cultural, Organización de la enseñanza de la matemática, Grupos de estudio, Proceso de significación.

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Mathematics Textbook as an Object of Research/Matematički udžbenik kao predmet istraživanja

Croatian Journal of Education - Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje ◽

10.15516/cje.v16i0.721 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Dubravka Glasnović Gracin

Keyword(s):

Mathematics Education ◽

Mathematical Knowledge ◽

Empirical Studies ◽

Mathematics Textbooks ◽

Mathematics Textbook ◽

Mathematics Book

AbstractA mathematics textbook can be described as an officially authorized and pedagogically designed mathematics book written to provide mathematical knowledge to students. This description suggests the authority of the textbook - because it has been authorized by an administrative source and because it deals with authorized knowledge. This paper provides an overview of research on mathematics textbooks. The emphasis is on questions concerning the extent to which and how textbooks are used in mathematics education in Croatia and in the world.Research results show that mathematics textbooks are widely used in mathematics education worldwide. This finding points to the need for research on the content and structure of textbooks. Such studies are combined with the associated results on how textbooks are used in the classroom and which methods teachers apply in using textbooks in mathematics education. The results of the empirical studies show that teachers use textbooks for lesson preparation and pupils use mathematics textbooks for exercises to a great extent. These results imply that such an important role of textbooks in mathematics education deserves additional attention, with the goal of understanding and improving mathematics education.Key words: mathematics education; overview; research on textbook---SažetakMatematički udžbenik može se opisati kao službeno autorizirana i pedagoki osmiljena matematička knjiga napisana s ciljem da učenicima ponudi matematičke sadržaje. Taj opis sugerira autoritet udžbenika jer ga je autorizirao administrativni izvor i jer sadrži autorizirano znanje. Ovaj članak daje pregled istraživanja matematičkih udžbenika, a naglasak je na pitanjima u kojoj mjeri i kako se udžbenici koriste u nastavi matematike u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu.Rezultati raznih istraživanja pokazuju da se udžbenici u velikoj mjeri koriste u nastavi matematike irom svijeta. Taj nalaz ukazuje na potrebu za istraživanjem sadržaja i strukture matematičkih udžbenika. Uz to, prikazani su rezultati istraživanja o tome na koji se način udžbenici koriste u razredu i koje metode nastavnici prakticiraju prilikom upotrebe udžbenika na nastavi. Rezultati empirijskih studija pokazuju da nastavnici udžbenike većinom koriste za pripremu nastavnog sata, a učenici udžbenike koriste u najvećoj mjeri za vježbanje. Ti rezultati ukazuju na to da tako važna uloga udžbenika u matematičkom obrazovanju zaslužuje dodatnu pažnju s ciljem razumijevanja i poboljanja nastave matematike.Ključne riječi: istraživanje udžbenika; nastava matematike; pregled.

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A prospective study of the role of coxsackie B and other enterovirus infections in the pathogenesis of IDDM. Childhood Diabetes in Finland (DiMe) Study Group

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/diabetes.44.6.652 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 652-657 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

H. Hyoty ◽

M. Hiltunen ◽

M. Knip ◽

M. Laakkonen ◽

P. Vahasalo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Prospective Study ◽

Study Group ◽

Childhood Diabetes ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Coxsackie B

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Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ketorolac for Postoperative Pain Management After Primary Palatoplasty: A Prospective Cohort Study With Historical Controls

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal ◽

10.1177/10556656211012864 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 105566562110128

Author(s):

Jason R. Stein ◽

Esperanza Mantilla-Rivas ◽

Marudeen Aivaz ◽

Md Sohel Rana ◽

Ishwarya Shradha Mamidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Dose ◽

Postoperative Pain Management ◽

Postoperative Hemorrhage ◽

Bleeding Complications ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Safety And Efficacy ◽

Opioid Dose ◽

Historical Controls

Objective: To analyze safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after primary palatoplasty (PP). Design: Consecutive cohort of patients undergoing PP, comparing to historical controls. Setting: A large academic children’s hospital. Patients, Participants: A consecutive cohort of 111 patients undergoing PP (study n = 47) compared to historical controls (n = 64). Interventions: All patients received intraoperative acetaminophen, dexmedetomidine, and opioids while the study group received an additional single dose of ketorolac (0.5 mg/kg) at the conclusion of PP. Main Outcome Measures: Safety of ketorolac was measured by significant bleeding complications and need for supplementary oxygen. Efficacy was assessed through bleeding, Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale, and opioid dose. Results: Length of stay was similar for both groups (control group 38.5 hours [95% CI: 3.6-43.3] versus study group 37.6 hours [95% CI: 31.3-44.0], P = .84). There were no significant differences in all postoperative FLACC scales. The mean dose of opioid rescue medication measured as morphine milligram equivalents did not differ between groups ( P = .56). Significant postoperative hemorrhage was not observed. Conclusions: This is the first prospective study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single-dose ketorolac after PP. Although lack of standardization between study and historical control groups may have precluded observation of an analgesic benefit, analysis demonstrated a single dose of ketorolac after PP is safe. Further investigations with more patients and different postoperative regimens may clarify the role of ketorolac in improving pain after PP.

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The Role of CD68 (+) Histiocytic Macrophages in Nasal Polyp Development

Journal of Neurological Surgery Part B Skull Base ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1715593 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nuray Bayar Muluk ◽

Osman Kürşat Arikan ◽

Pınar Atasoy ◽

Rahmi Kiliç ◽

Eda Tuna Yalçinozan

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Nasal Polyp ◽

Nasal Polyps ◽

Deep Layer ◽

Ethmoid Sinus ◽

Adult Patients ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Deep Layers

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate the role of CD68 (+) histiocytic macrophages (H-M) in the nasal polyp pathogenesis. Materials and Methods The study group consisted of 24 adult patients with nasal polyposis. The control group consisted of 11 adult patients without nasal polyps. A total of 36 nasal polyp samples (10-nasal cavity, 10-maxillary sinus, and 16-ethmoid sinus) from the study group and 11 inferior turbinate samples from the control group were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining, with monoclonal antibodies against CD68 (+) H-M. Results CD68 positivity was significantly higher than the control group in the subepithelial (SE) layer of the ethmoid sinus, and deep layers of nasal cavity, maxillary, and ethmoid sinuses. In SE and deep layers of ethmoid and maxillary sinuses, CD68 positivity was significantly higher than that of the epithelial layer. In the deep layer, histiocytic macrophages tended to gather around eosinophils. Conclusion The high numbers of CD68 (+) histiocytic macrophages mainly located in deep layer of lamina propria may be responsible for the phagocytosis of eosinophils within the polyp tissue. Therefore, it may be concluded that increased macrophages in nasal polyps do not trigger the growth of nasal polyps. Instead, they may serve to reduce the number of eosinophils in already-developed nasal polyps.

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Significance and Impact of the Intersphincteric Plane Sepsis in the Management of the Perianal Sepsis: Ultrasound Study

Journal of Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Radiology ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1722356 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ashraf Talaat Youssef

Keyword(s):

Digital Rectal Examination ◽

Perianal Fistula ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Abscess Formation ◽

Study Group ◽

Potential Space ◽

Anal Glands ◽

Ultrasound Study ◽

Perianal Sepsis

Abstract Background The intersphincteric plane (ISP) is a potential space between the external and the internal anal sphincters. About 90% of the perianal sepsis is caused by an obstruction of the ducts of anal glands with subsequent secondary bacterial infection. The imaging modalities used to diagnose perianal sepsis are the ultrasound via endoanal and transperineal routes and magnetic resonance imaging. Objective The study aimed to identify the various patterns of the ISP sepsis and their incidence among our study group and to clarify the significance of ISP in the pathogenesis of anorectal abscesses and various types of perianal fistula tracts, to optimize the surgical management. Methods Retrospective descriptive study in which 57 patients with an ISP sepsis were evaluated with full medical history, clinical exam, and ultrasound; the final diagnosis was based on combining the results of ultrasound, digital rectal examination under anesthesia, and the operative results. Results The current study showed many patterns of the ISP sepsis and estimated the incidence of each pattern among our study group; such patterns could be fistula tracts, sinus tracts, abscesses, intersphincteric abscess with supralevator extension, sinus with abscess formation, fistula with abscess formation, distension of the ISP with free pus, and other complex patterns like horse abscess, abscess with transsphincteric sinus, and ISP fistula/sinus with transsphincteric branches. Conclusion Understanding the role of the ISP in the pathogenesis of anorectal abscesses and perianal fistula tracts can help in reaching the optimum way of management.

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Questioning Role of Hypochloremia in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.78.6.1173 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 78 (6) ◽

pp. 1173-1173

Author(s):

JEFFREY M. PERLMAN ◽

JEFF DAWSON

Keyword(s):

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ◽

Metabolic Alkalosis ◽

Complex Disease ◽

Disease Process ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group

In Reply.— We appreciate the interest in our report published in Pediatrics (1986;77:212-216). The three letters raise similar questions, and in response we would like to make three points. First, including the two infants in the control group who died with the infants in the study group still resulted in significant differences between the two groups regarding duration of furosemide (Lasix) therapy, hypochloremia, or metabolic alkalosis (P > .001). Second (as noted in our discussion), bronchopulmonary dysplasia is a complex disease process.

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