Bacterial Degradation of Free Cyanide in Alkaline Medium Using Bacillus Licheniformis Strain

Author(s):  
Amzy Tania Vallenas-Arévalo ◽  
Carlos Gonzalo Alvarez Rosario ◽  
Denise Crocce Romano Espinosa ◽  
Jorge Alberto Soares Tenório
BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-577
Author(s):  
Sibel Yildiz ◽  
Sabriye Canakci ◽  
Umit C. Yildiz ◽  
Ozlem Ozgenc ◽  
Eylem D. Tomak

In this study it was aimed to improve impregnability of spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood with bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis A1) pretreatment, using copper/chromium/arsenic Type C (CCA-C) andcopper azole Type A (CBA-A). The effects of Bacillus licheniformis A1 on weight loss, copper uptake, and compression strength of samples were determined. Weight loss was slightly changed by bacterial degradation in all test groups. The best copper uptake cases were 1466 ppm for CCA-C and 2730 ppm for CBA-A. Improvement on copper uptake with bacteria pretreatment was in a range of 18 to 103% compared to control samples. Compression strength was decreased by bacterial degradation. However strength losses might be acceptable for several construction applications. Bacillus licheniformis A1seems to havea good potential for increasing the permeability of spruce wood.


The Condor ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 106 (3) ◽  
pp. 681-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Burtt ◽  
Jann M. Ichida

AbstractFeathers tend to be darkly colored in habitats where relative humidity is high and pale where it is low. We suggest that this correlation, known as Gloger's rule, results, in part, from selection for dark feathers that are more resistant than light feathers to bacterial degradation, which is a severe problem in humid habitats where bacteria thrive and a lesser problem in arid habitats. In May and June 2000–2002 we sampled feather-degrading bacteria (Bacillus licheniformis) from the plumage of Song Sparrows (Melospiza melodia) in southeastern Arizona and northwestern Washington. Under standardized laboratory conditions, feather-degrading bacteria from the plumage of sparrows in the humid Northwest degraded feathers more rapidly and more completely than feather-degrading bacteria from sparrows of the arid Southwest. The differences in feather-degrading bacteria and in relative humidity produce a difference in the intensity of selection, which in turn produces the difference in color described in Gloger's rule.La Regla de Gloger, Bacterias Degradantes de Plumas y Variación de Color en Melospiza melodiaResumen. Las plumas tienden a ser de tonos obscuros en hábitats donde la humedad relativa es alta y más pálidas en hábitats donde la humedad relativa es baja. Esta correlación, conocida como la regla de Gloger, se aplica a muchas especies de aves a través del mundo. Sugerimos que la regla de Gloger es, en parte, un producto evolutivo de la selección por plumas obscuras, que son más resistentes a la degradación bacteriana que las plumas claras. La degradación bacteriana es un problema severo en hábitats húmedos donde prosperan las bacterias y un problema menor en hábitats áridos. En mayo y junio de 2000 a 2002 tomamos muestras de bacterias degradantes de plumas (Bacillus licheniformis) del Melospiza melodia fallax, que tiene plumaje pálido y reside en la parte sureste del estado de Arizona, y comparamos la incidencia y actividad de estas bacterias con las de aquellas encontradas en el plumaje obscuro de M. m. morphna, que reside de los bosques húmedos del noroeste del estado de Washington. Sin embargo, bajo condiciones estandarizadas de laboratorio, las bacterias obtenidas de M. m. morphna, degradaron las plumas más rápida y completamente que las bacterias de M. m. fallax. Las diferencias sugieren que las plumas obscuras de M. m. morphna del noroeste húmedo están sujetas a selección más intensa para resistir la degradación bacteriana que las plumas claras del gorrión del suroeste árido. La diferencia en humedad relativa produce una diferencia en la intensidad de selección, que a su vez produce la diferencia en color descrita en la regla de Gloger.


The Auk ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 656-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald Goldstein ◽  
Kelly R. Flory ◽  
Beth Ann Browne ◽  
Samia Majid ◽  
Jann M. Ichida ◽  
...  

Abstract When feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis is grown in culture, it secretes a keratinase that hydrolyzes the β-keratin matrix of a feather, thereby releasing oligopeptides that dissolve into the medium surrounding the feather and feather-degrading bacilli. These peptides absorb light passed through a sample of medium from which feather fragments, melanin granules, and bacteria have been removed by centrifugation. Samples of medium in which white, nonmelanic feathers are degrading absorb more light than samples of medium in which black, melanic feathers are degrading, which indicates that more oligopeptides are dissolved in medium surrounding white feathers than in medium surrounding black feathers. The differential absorption of light supports the conclusion that B. licheniformis degrades white feathers more rapidly than black feathers.


2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Burtt ◽  
Max R. Schroeder ◽  
Lauren A. Smith ◽  
Jenna E. Sroka ◽  
Kevin J. McGraw

The brilliant red, orange and yellow colours of parrot feathers are the product of psittacofulvins, which are synthetic pigments known only from parrots. Recent evidence suggests that some pigments in bird feathers function not just as colour generators, but also preserve plumage integrity by increasing the resistance of feather keratin to bacterial degradation. We exposed a variety of colourful parrot feathers to feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis and found that feathers with red psittacofulvins degraded at about the same rate as those with melanin and more slowly than white feathers, which lack pigments. Blue feathers, in which colour is based on the microstructural arrangement of keratin, air and melanin granules, and green feathers, which combine structural blue with yellow psittacofulvins, degraded at a rate similar to that of red and black feathers. These differences in resistance to bacterial degradation of differently coloured feathers suggest that colour patterns within the Psittaciformes may have evolved to resist bacterial degradation, in addition to their role in communication and camouflage.


Author(s):  
B.K. Ghosh

Periplasm of bacteria is the space outside the permeability barrier of plasma membrane but enclosed by the cell wall. The contents of this special milieu exterior could be regulated by the plasma membrane from the internal, and by the cell wall from the external environment of the cell. Unlike the gram-negative organism, the presence of this space in gram-positive bacteria is still controversial because it cannot be clearly demonstrated. We have shown the importance of some periplasmic bodies in the secretion of penicillinase from Bacillus licheniformis.In negatively stained specimens prepared by a modified technique (Figs. 1 and 2), periplasmic space (PS) contained two kinds of structures: (i) fibrils (F, 100 Å) running perpendicular to the cell wall from the protoplast and (ii) an array of vesicles of various sizes (V), which seem to have evaginated from the protoplast.


Author(s):  
Xiaorong Zhu ◽  
Richard McVeigh ◽  
Bijan K. Ghosh

A mutant of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, NM 105 exhibits some notable properties, e.g., arrest of alkaline phosphatase secretion and overexpression and hypersecretion of RS protein. Although RS is known to be widely distributed in many microbes, it is rarely found, with a few exceptions, in laboratory cultures of microorganisms. RS protein is a structural protein and has the unusual properties to form aggregate. This characteristic may have been responsible for the self assembly of RS into regular tetragonal structures. Another uncommon characteristic of RS is that enhanced synthesis and secretion which occurs when the cells cease to grow. Assembled RS protein with a tetragonal structure is not seen inside cells at any stage of cell growth including cells in the stationary phase of growth. Gel electrophoresis of the culture supernatant shows a very large amount of RS protein in the stationary culture of the B. licheniformis. It seems, Therefore, that the RS protein is cotranslationally secreted and self assembled on the envelope surface.


1976 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 283-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Singh ◽  
A. K. Sisodia ◽  
S. M. Singh ◽  
R. K. Singh ◽  
R. N. Singh

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-133
Author(s):  
ANNAPURNA NOWDURI ◽  
◽  
Apparao Babu Duggada ◽  
Vijaya Raju Kurimella

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