How Galling Organisms Manipulate the Secondary Metabolites in the Host Plant Tissues?: A Histochemical Overview in Neotropical Gall Systems

Gall morphotypes depend on continuous chemical and feeding stimuli of the gall inducer, which promotes specific structural and metabolic changes in plant tissues. The galling insect manipulates host-plant tissues and may stimulate the production of primary and secondary metabolites. The type of chemical arsenal and the storage site varies according to the developmental potentials of the host plant and the insect’s feeding habit. Here, we investigated whether the structural and histochemical profiles of the gall system Matayba guianensis Aubl. (Sapindaceae) – Bystracoccus mataybae (Eriococcidae) are dependent on the instars of the galling insect. Standard anatomical analyses were carried out, as well as histochemical evaluation of reactive oxygen species and primary and secondary metabolites. Structural changes induced by the first instar nymphs were detected on the stem, while deep changes induced by the second instar nymphs and adult females were detected in leaflet galls, indicating that the host-plant tissue can impose more limits on gall development and complexity than the stages of galling insect development. The compartmentalization of primary and secondary compounds is established during the early stages of development of the leaflet gall by the second instar nymphs. Despite deep structural differences between stem and leaflet galls, there were no significant changes in the establishment of the histochemical profiles.

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How Galling Organisms Manipulate the Secondary Metabolites in the Host Plant Tissues? A Histochemical Overview in Neotropical Gall Systems

Reference Series in Phytochemistry - Co-Evolution of Secondary Metabolites ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-96397-6_29 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 823-842

Author(s):

Vinícius Coelho Kuster ◽

Uiara Costa Rezende ◽

João Custódio Fernandes Cardoso ◽

Rosy Mary dos Santos Isaias ◽

Denis Coelho de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Plant ◽

Plant Tissues

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Host plant frequency and secondary metabolites are concurrently associated with insect herbivory in a dominant riparian tree.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.735000211.793556036 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole M van Dam

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Plant ◽

Insect Herbivory ◽

Riparian Tree ◽

Plant Frequency

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A Cross-Metabolomic Approach Shows that Wheat Interferes with Fluorescent Pseudomonas Physiology through Its Root Metabolites

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11020084 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Laura Rieusset ◽

Marjolaine Rey ◽

Florence Gerin ◽

Florence Wisniewski-Dyé ◽

Claire Prigent-Combaret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Host Plant ◽

Soil Microorganisms ◽

Wheat Root ◽

Bioactive Metabolites ◽

Root Extracts ◽

Fluorescent Pseudomonas ◽

Health And Development ◽

The Impact ◽

Metabolomic Approach

Roots contain a wide variety of secondary metabolites. Some of them are exudated in the rhizosphere, where they are able to attract and/or control a large diversity of microbial species. In return, the rhizomicrobiota can promote plant health and development. Some rhizobacteria belonging to the Pseudomonas genus are known to produce a wide diversity of secondary metabolites that can exert a biological activity on the host plant and on other soil microorganisms. Nevertheless, the impact of the host plant on the production of bioactive metabolites by Pseudomonas is still poorly understood. To characterize the impact of plants on the secondary metabolism of Pseudomonas, a cross-metabolomic approach has been developed. Five different fluorescent Pseudomonas strains were thus cultivated in the presence of a low concentration of wheat root extracts recovered from three wheat genotypes. Analysis of our metabolomic workflow revealed that the production of several Pseudomonas secondary metabolites was significantly modulated when bacteria were cultivated with root extracts, including metabolites involved in plant-beneficial properties.

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Dynamics of fungal pathogens in host plant tissues

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b95-388 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 73 (S1) ◽

pp. 1275-1283 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shigehito Takenaka

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Species Interactions ◽

Fungal Biomass ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Molecular Methods ◽

Plant Colonization ◽

Fungal Colonization ◽

Plant Tissues

To develop efficient control measures against fungal plant pathogens, the dynamics of host plant colonization during disease development and the interactions among fungi within host plant tissues need to be clarified. These studies require accurate quantitative estimation of specific fungal biomass in plant tissues. This has been approached by direct-microscopic methods, cultural methods, chemical determinations of fungal components, serological methods, and molecular methods. Among these methods, serological and molecular methods provide rapid, specific, and sensitive quantitative measures of fungal biomass in host plant tissues. Therefore, studies on fungal dynamics of host plant colonization using these two methods are presented. Some examples of species interactions among pathogenic fungi within host plants, such as synergism and competition, are reviewed and the usefulness of serological and molecular methods for studies on these interactions is presented. These quantitative methods will provide helpful information for understanding the ecology of plant pathogenic fungi, such as the dynamics of host plant colonization and species interactions. Key words: quantitative methods, fungal biomass, ELISA, PCR, fungal colonization, species interaction.

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Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.)

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211130 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Vina Maulidia ◽

Loekas Soesanto ◽

Syamsuddin Syamsuddin ◽

Khairan Khairan ◽

Takahiro Hamaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Psidium Guajava ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Root Number ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Plant Host ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Theobroma Cacao L ◽

Meloidogyne Sp

Abstract. Maulidia V, Soesanto L, Syamsuddin, Khairan K, Hamaguchi T, Hasegawa K, Sriwati R. 2020. Secondary metabolites produced by endophytic bacteria against the Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne sp.). Biodiversitas 21: 5270-5275. Endophytic bacteria live and colonize in plant tissues without causing disease to their plant host. Among several processes, these bacteria can produce secondary metabolites that can help in the defense of plant host against pathogens. This study aimed to identify endophytic bacteria as biocontrol agents against Meloidogyne sp. in tomato plants. Six endophytic bacteria candidates from the genus Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, and Serratia were isolated from Solanum Lycopersicum, Psidium guajava, Pinus merkusii, Dendrocalamus asper, Albizia chinensis, and Theobroma cacao L, respectively. The average mortality of Meloidogyne sp. by endophytic bacteria was 70,27% to 95,46%. From these, B. thuringiensis AK08 produced compounds of the secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, phenol, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and alkaloids. The best result of the average incubation period, number of galls in the root, number of nematodes at the root, and the number of nematodes in the soil on tomato plant were shown by B. thuringiensis. The major compounds in GC-MS analysis of B. thuringiensis were cholest-5-en-3-ol (3.beta.)-carbonochloridate (25.35%). Bacillus thuringiensis not only has rules as bio-insecticide but also has nematicidal effect.

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Regulators of ethylene biosynthesis or activity as a tool for reducing susceptibility of host plant tissues to infection by Botrytis cinerea

Netherlands Journal of Plant Pathology ◽

10.1007/bf01974263 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 105-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Y. Elad

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Botrytis Cinerea ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Plant Tissues

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Accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and an insect gall of lowbush blueberry, Vaccinium angustifolium, near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, Canada

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b91-192 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 69 (7) ◽

pp. 1483-1490 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

G. Bagatto ◽

J. D. Shorthouse

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Host Plant ◽

Leaf Tissue ◽

Primary Site ◽

Root Tissue ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Vaccinium Angustifolium ◽

Copper Nickel ◽

Lowbush Blueberry ◽

Insect Gall

The accumulation of copper and nickel in plant tissues and galls of Hemadas nubilipennis on lowbush blueberry near an ore smelter at Sudbury, Ontario, was investigated. Concentrations of these metals in the root, stem, and leaf tissue decline logarithmically with increasing distance from the Sudbury smelter. The pattern of accumulation for copper and nickel in the various tissues was root > stem > leaf > berry; however, metal differences in these tissues were not as great in plants farther from the smelter. The root tissue is the primary site of accumulation of these metals when environmental levels of copper and nickel are high. The highest concentrations of copper and nickel were found in the galls, indicating that gall tissues act as a strong physiological sink for micronutrients and redirect nutrients from the host plant. Key words: Vaccinium angustifolium, copper, nickel, gall, Sudbury.

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Mycotoxins Biosynthesized by Plant-Derived Fusarium Isolates / Tvorba Mikotoksina U Vrstama Roda Fusarium Izoliranim Iz Biljaka

Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology ◽

10.2478/10004-1254-63-2012-2230 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 437-446 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Agnieszka Waśkiewicz ◽

Łukasz Stępień

Keyword(s):

Secondary Metabolites ◽

Asymptomatic Infection ◽

Crop Plants ◽

High Mass ◽

Plant Tissues ◽

Disease Symptoms ◽

Perennial Crops ◽

Mass Fractions ◽

Very High

AbstractThere is little information on secondary metabolites produced by Fusaria infecting crop plants other than cereals. Many members of Fusarium genus have the ability to colonise perennial crops with only scarce infection or disease symptoms or with no symptoms at all while still being detectable. Even in case of such asymptomatic infection, significant mycotoxin contamination of the plant tissues is possible. The aim of this study was to characterise the spectrum of Fusarium species isolates obtained from different plant hosts (like asparagus, garlic, pineapple, banana, rhubarb, peppers, rice, maize, wheat, and oncidium) and evaluate their ability to biosynthesize the most common mycotoxins in vitro. Among the F.proliferatum isolates, up to 57 % of them biosynthesized fumonisins at very high mass fractions, amounting to above 1000 μg g-1, while other Fusarium species such as F. verticillioides, F. lactis, F. polyphialydicum, F. concentricum, F. temperatum, and F. fujikuroi formed fumonisins mostly at much lower level. Only F.ananatum and F. oxysporum did not produce these toxins. Co-occurrence of FBs with other mycotoxins [moniliformin (MON) and beauvericin (BEA)] was often observed and it was mainly F. proliferatum species that formed both mycotoxins (0.4 μg g-1 to 41.1 μg g-1 BEA and 0.1 μg g-1 to 158.5 μg g-1 MON).

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