Regulation of Extracellular Adenosine

2018 ◽  
pp. 13-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlev Boison
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Adenosine

Use of enzyme somase® in the measurement of biofilm using bioluminescence

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 221-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Greetham ◽  
B. Holden ◽  
J. Scutt
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
System Model ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
To Come

Analysis of the biofilm on a distribution system model pipe rig gave high readings of extracellular adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP). The free ATP was assumed to come from dead cells at the base of the biofilm. The levels were large in proportion to the measured cellular ATP and were unstable. This resulted in errors in the calculation of cellular ATP. An enzyme Somase (0.5%) was employed to hydrolyse the free ATP. Increased accuracy of the measurement of cellular ATP was seen.

PET Imaging of Adenosine Receptors in Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (16) ◽  
pp. 1445-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jindian Li ◽  
Xingfang Hong ◽  
Guoquan Li ◽  
Peter S. Conti ◽  
Xianzhong Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Imaging Probes ◽  
Pet Probes ◽  
Cancer And Inflammation ◽  
G Protein Coupled

Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a class of purinergic G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Extracellular adenosine is a pivotal regulation molecule that adjusts physiological function through the interaction with four ARs: A1R, A2AR, A2BR, and A3R. Alterations of ARs function and expression have been studied in neurological diseases (epilepsy, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease), cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and inflammation and autoimmune diseases. A series of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) probes for imaging ARs have been developed. The PET imaging probes have provided valuable information for diagnosis and therapy of diseases related to alterations of ARs expression. This review presents a concise overview of various ARs-targeted radioligands for PET imaging in diseases. The most recent advances in PET imaging studies by using ARs-targeted probes are briefly summarized.

scholarly journals Growth inhibition of transformed mouse fibroblasts by adenine nucleotides occurs via generation of extracellular adenosine.

1988 ◽  
Vol 263 (25) ◽  
pp. 12367-12372
Author(s):  
G A Weisman ◽  
K D Lustig ◽  
E Lane ◽  
N N Huang ◽  
I Belzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Adenine Nucleotides ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Mouse Fibroblasts

Immunosuppressive effects of extracellular adenosine on immune cells: Implications for the pathogenesis of ADA SCID and immunomodulation

2001 ◽  
Vol 53 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregorio Gomez ◽  
Sergey Apasov ◽  
Michail V. Sitkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Immune Cells ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine

scholarly journals Glucose decreases extracellular adenosine levels in isolated mouse and rat pancreatic islets

Islets ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary K. Yang ◽  
Paul E. Squires ◽  
Faming Tian ◽  
Timothy J. Kieffer ◽  
Yin Nam Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Islets ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Rat Pancreatic Islets

The effects of extracellular adenosine 5′-triphosphate on the tobacco proteome

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Chivasa ◽  
William J. Simon ◽  
Alex M. Murphy ◽  
Keith Lindsey ◽  
John P. Carr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Adenosine

The effect of diazepam on adenosine uptake and adenosine-stimuiated adenylate cyclase in guinea-pig brain

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. York ◽  
L. P. Davies
Keyword(s):  
Adenylate Cyclase ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Adenosine Deaminase ◽  
Small Component ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Pig Brain ◽  
Adenosine Uptake ◽  
Adenosine Antagonist ◽  
Guinea Pig Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

We have used the adenosine-stimulated adenylate cyclase of guinea-pig brain to examine the potency of diazepam as an adenosine uptake inhibitor. Diazepam at concentrations in the range 10–500 μM stimulates the production of cAMP in incubated slices of guinea-pig cerebral cortex, with maximal fivefold stimulations over basal levels by 200 μM diazepam. The increases can be largely (but not completely) blocked by the adenosine antagonist theophylline or by addition of excess adenosine deaminase to the system. It appears that the stimulation of cAMP production is due to a blockade of adenosine uptake which results in an increase in extracellular adenosine and concomitant activation of the adenosine receptor coupled to adenylate cyclase. Since the cAMP response to standard adenosine uptake blockers (dipyridamole, dilazep) can be completely blocked by theophylline or adenosine deaminase, a small component of the diazepam response cannot be explained by an adenosine effect. The concentration of diazepam at which the first significant cAMP increase occurs is 10 μM or slightly lower. This is significantly higher than the concentration of diazepam needed to saturate the pharmacologically characterized central nervous system receptors for benzodiazepines.

scholarly journals Role of the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway in renal physiology

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (4) ◽  
pp. F597-F612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin K. Jackson ◽  
Raghvendra K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Receptors ◽  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Renal Physiology ◽  
Tight Coupling ◽  
Extracellular Adenosine ◽  
Mediated Effects ◽  
Extracellular Camp

Adenosine exerts physiologically significant receptor-mediated effects on renal function. For example, adenosine participates in the regulation of preglomerular and postglomerular vascular resistances, glomerular filtration rate, renin release, epithelial transport, intrarenal inflammation, and growth of mesangial and vascular smooth muscle cells. It is important, therefore, to understand the mechanisms that generate extracellular adenosine within the kidney. In addition to three “classic” pathways of adenosine biosynthesis, contemporary studies are revealing a novel mechanism for renal adenosine production termed the “extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway.” The extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway is defined as the egress of cAMP from cells during activation of adenylyl cyclase, followed by the extracellular conversion of cAMP to adenosine by the serial actions of ecto-phosphodiesterase and ecto-5′-nucleotidase. This mechanism of extracellular adenosine production may provide hormonal control of adenosine levels in the cell-surface biophase in which adenosine receptors reside. Tight coupling of the site of adenosine production to the site of adenosine receptors would permit a low-capacity mechanism of adenosine biosynthesis to have a large impact on adenosine receptor activation. The purposes of this review are to summarize the physiological roles of adenosine in the kidney; to describe the classic pathways of renal adenosine biosynthesis; to review the evidence for the existence of the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway; and to describe possible physiological roles of the extracellular cAMP-adenosine pathway, with particular emphasis on the kidney.

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