Virus Disassembly Pathways Predicted from Geometry and Configuration Energy

The fundamentals of precessing ball solitons (PBS), arising as a result of the energy fluctuations during spin-flop phase transition induced by a magnetic field in antiferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy, are presented. The PBS conditions exist within a wide range of amplitudes and energies, including negative energies relative to an initial condition. For each value of the magnetic field, there exists a precession frequency for which a curve of PBS energy passes through a zero value (in bifurcation point), and hence, in the vicinity of this point the PBS originate with the highest probability. The characteristics of PBS, including the time dependences of configuration, energy, and precession frequency, are considered. As a result of dissipation, the PBS transform into the macroscopic domains of a new phase.

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THE OPTIMAL CONFIGURATION OF GEL SHEET GOVERNED BY ITS CONCENTRATION

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979212500841 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 1250084 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

XIAOBO ZHAI ◽

SHENGLI ZHANG ◽

LEI ZHANG ◽

SHUMIN ZHAO

Keyword(s):

Experimental Data ◽

Gaussian Curvature ◽

Poisson Ratio ◽

Equilibrium Shape ◽

Monomer Concentration ◽

Variation Principle ◽

Bending Energy ◽

Configuration Energy ◽

Boundary Part ◽

Theoretical Results

We investigate the configuration of gel sheets with centrosymmetric distribution of monomer concentration in this paper. The configuration energy of these gel sheets consists of the in-plane stretching energy and bending energy. The equilibrium shape equations are derived by variation principle. This provides a way to control the shape of gel sheets by the initial concentration and thickness. From the equilibrium shape equations, we know that the Gaussian curvature on boundary (K|C) of equilibrium shape is determined by the Poisson ratio [Formula: see text]. K|C is negative when [Formula: see text] but positive when [Formula: see text]. Specially, we derive two dome-like solutions from the equilibrium shape equations to compare with the experimental data. In these dome-like sheets, on the boundary part the Gaussian curvature is K < 0, which is different from the center part (K > 0). Furthermore, we deduce that the initial gel distribution of cylinder sheets is proportional to 1/r and find that N-isopropylacrylamide cylinder sheets cannot be formed without additional edges. Our theoretical results agree well with the experimental data [Klein et al., Science315, 1116 (2007)]. On the other hand, we predict a special type of gel sheets as minimal surface. Their residual stresses are constant and same along radial and circumference directions. For axisymmetric sheets, we give a criterion about the sign of Gaussian curvature K when thickness h is infinite small.

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