scholarly journals Key Issues in Understanding and Improving Safety Culture

Author(s):  
Stian Antonsen
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Antonio Torres ◽  
Manuel Perdomo Ojeda

El artículo presenta un resumen crítico de la evolución de la percepción social del riesgo y su reflejo a nivel del ambiente laboral. La cultura de la seguridad es considerada una temática de élite y se asocia esencialmente con instalaciones sujetas a regulaciones estatales, sin embargo, el documento argumenta como su generalización en otras entidades, con riesgo asociado, constituye un paso hacia la percepción científica del riesgo gestionado. Partiendo del estudio dialéctico de los métodos de evaluación de percepción de riesgo laboral, se introduce el método EPRO (del acrónimo Evaluación de Percepción de Riesgo Ocupacional) para contribuir a identificar las necesidades de capacitación en materia de seguridad del trabajo. Las evaluaciones de percepción de riesgo son imprescindibles en otras áreas, ya sean públicas o empresariales, donde la seguridad es clave. Considerando las necesidades de medición del riesgo subjetivo, se implementa el código RISKPERCEP que ha sido empleado en variados estudios de percepción de riesgo. Adicionalmente, el artículo demuestra con ejemplos algunas aplicaciones realizadas al estudio de percepción de riesgos laborales.  ABSTRACT: The paper shows a critical summary ofthe evolution ofthe social risk perception and its reflection at the level ofthe work environment. The safety culture is considered an élite theme and is essentially associated with facilities subject to state regulations, however, the paper argües that its generalization in other entities, with associated risk, constitutes a step towards the scientific perception ofmanaged risk. Starting frorn the dialectical study oftke methods ofevaluation of occupationál risk perception, the EPRO metkod (from the acronym Assessment of Occupationál Risk Perception) is introduced to contribute to the identification oftraining needs in the field of occupationál safety. Risk perception assessments are essentiál in other areas, whether public or business, where safety is essentiál. Considering the needs of subjective risk measurement, the RISKPERCEP code has been implemented, which has been used in severál studies of risk perception. Additionally, the paper demonstrates with examples some applications made to the study of perception of occupationál risks.


Author(s):  
Marina Järvis ◽  
Anu Virovere ◽  
Piia Tint

Abstract This paper examines differences between formal safety and real safety in Estonian small and medium-sized enterprises. The results reveal key issues in safety culture assessment. Statistical analysis of safety culture questionnaires showed many organisations with an outstanding safety culture and positive safety attitudes. However, qualitative data indicated some important safety weaknesses and aspects that should be included in the process of evaluation of safety culture in organisations.


Author(s):  
D. J. Wallis ◽  
N. D. Browning

In electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), the near-edge region of a core-loss edge contains information on high-order atomic correlations. These correlations give details of the 3-D atomic structure which can be elucidated using multiple-scattering (MS) theory. MS calculations use real space clusters making them ideal for use in low-symmetry systems such as defects and interfaces. When coupled with the atomic spatial resolution capabilities of the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM), there therefore exists the ability to obtain 3-D structural information from individual atomic scale structures. For ceramic materials where the structure-property relationships are dominated by defects and interfaces, this methodology can provide unique information on key issues such as like-ion repulsion and the presence of vacancies, impurities and structural distortion.An example of the use of MS-theory is shown in fig 1, where an experimental oxygen K-edge from SrTiO3 is compared to full MS-calculations for successive shells (a shell consists of neighboring atoms, so that 1 shell includes only nearest neighbors, 2 shells includes first and second-nearest neighbors, and so on).


2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Schwarz ◽  
K. Wolfgang Kallus

Since 2010, air navigation service providers have been mandated to implement a positive and proactive safety culture based on shared beliefs, assumptions, and values regarding safety. This mandate raised the need to develop and validate a concept and tools to assess the level of safety culture in organizations. An initial set of 40 safety culture questions based on eight themes underwent psychometric validation. Principal component analysis was applied to data from 282 air traffic management staff, producing a five-factor model of informed culture, reporting and learning culture, just culture, and flexible culture, as well as management’s safety attitudes. This five-factor solution was validated across two different occupational groups and assessment dates (construct validity). Criterion validity was partly achieved by predicting safety-relevant behavior on the job through three out of five safety culture scores. Results indicated a nonlinear relationship with safety culture scales. Overall the proposed concept proved reliable and valid with respect to safety culture development, providing a robust foundation for managers, safety experts, and operational and safety researchers to measure and further improve the level of safety culture within the air traffic management context.


2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Heese

Members of the Civil Air Navigation Services Organisation have committed themselves to measure and improve safety culture within their organizations by 2013 ( CANSO, 2010 ). This paper attempts to offer support to air navigation service providers that have already implemented a standardized safety culture survey approach, in the process of transforming their safety culture based on existing survey results. First, an overview of the state of the art with respect to safety culture is presented. Then the application of the CANSO safety culture model from theory into practice is demonstrated based on four selected case studies. Finally, a summary of practical examples for driving safety culture change is provided, and critical success factors supporting the safety culture transformation process are discussed.


2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Leka ◽  
T. Cox ◽  
G. Zwetsloot ◽  
A. Jain ◽  
E. Kortum

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