The Civilianization of the US Military: Army and Navy Case Studies of the Effects of Civilian Integration on Military Personnel

2007 ◽  
pp. 213-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Kelty ◽  
David R. Segal
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals Helminth infections in the US military: from strongyloidiasis to schistosomiasis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa R Lindrose ◽  
Indrani Mitra ◽  
Jamie Fraser ◽  
Edward Mitre ◽  
Patrick W Hickey
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Intestinal Nematode ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
The Us ◽  
East And Southeast Asia ◽  
The Military

Abstract Background Helminth infections caused by parasitic worms, including nematodes (roundworms), cestodes (tapeworms) and trematodes (flukes), can cause chronic symptoms and serious clinical outcomes if left untreated. The US military frequently conducts activities in helminth-endemic regions, particularly Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia. However, the military does not currently screen for these infections, and to date, no comprehensive surveillance studies have been completed to assess the frequency of helminth diagnoses in the military personnel and their families. Methods To determine the burden of helminth infections in the US Military Health System (MHS), we conducted a retrospective analysis of International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9/10 diagnosis codes from all medical encounters in the MHS Data Repository (MDR) from fiscal years (FY) 2012 to 2018. Chart reviews were conducted to assign ICD diagnoses as incorrect, suspected, probable or confirmed based on the laboratory results and symptoms. Results Abstraction of MHS data revealed over 50 000 helminth diagnoses between FY 2012 and FY 2018. Of these, 38 445 of diagnoses were amongst unique subjects. After chart review, we found there were 34 425 validated helminth infections diagnosed amongst the unique subjects of US military personnel, retirees and dependents. Nearly 4000 of these cases represented infections other than enterobiasis. There were 351 validated strongyloidiasis diagnoses, 317 schistosomiasis diagnoses and 191 diagnoses of cysticercosis during the study period. Incidence of intestinal nematode infection diagnoses showed an upward trend, whilst the incidence of cestode infection diagnoses decreased. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate that helminth infections capable of causing severe morbidity are often diagnosed in the US military. As helminth infections are often asymptomatic or go undiagnosed, the true burden of helminth infections in US military personnel and dependents may be higher than observed here. Prospective studies of US military personnel deployed to helminth-endemic areas may be indicated to determine if post-deployment screening and/or empirical treatment are warranted.

Changing China

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-27
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Military Deployment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings The concept of “VUCA” – a commercial climate that has volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity – has its roots in the US military, where understanding such an environment helped with planning. For an ordered, regimented organization such as the armed forces, it was tempting to assume logic and form governed external society as well; however, this has rarely been the case in military deployment. Practical implications The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-46
Author(s):  
Montgomery McFate
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Civil Authority ◽  
The Military

This chapter begins by describing Gerald Hickey’s experience in Vietnam working with the US military, especially his frustration that Americans imposed their own cultural frames on what they encountered despite his recommendation that military decision-making must take the society as a whole into account. This chapter then describes the conditions during which culture matters most to the military: engaging a culturally distant adversary; operating in close contact with civil authority in a foreign country; operating under limitations on the use of firepower; and when the strategic objective is not primarily military. This chapter then lays out five themes that emerge in the book. First, the increasing complexity of war results in a need to simplify reality in order to manage time and tasks. The simplification of reality through heuristics enables the military to execute its kinetic missions but also limits understanding of human beings. Even when military personnel seek to understand their environment, they often discover that the culture of their own organizations creates barriers to understanding. In attempting to use social science downrange, the military often discovers that the models, theories and concepts of how a society actually works do not exist in the required form.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria colonization of healthy US military personnel in the US and Afghanistan

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J Vento ◽  
David W Cole ◽  
Katrin Mende ◽  
Tatjana P Calvano ◽  
Elizabeth A Rini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us

Toxic Exposures from Service in the US Military

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Remington L. Nevin ◽  
Elspeth Cameron Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Sexual Functioning ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Toxic Exposures ◽  
Reproductive Toxicants

Exposure of military personnel to known and plausible reproductive toxicants may pose a risk of reproductive harm. Such exposures also may contribute to sexual dysfunction, either by direct organic effects or because of reasonable concerns among the exposed over risking conception and consequent reproductive harm through sexual intercourse. Intimacy among military personnel returning from deployment may be prominently impaired by these concerns, which may persist despite efforts at good health risk communication. This chapter reviews common military toxic exposures with known or perceived reproductive toxicity or effects on sexual health. Recommendations are made for assessing such exposures when evaluating military personnel or veterans suffering impaired intimacy or sexual functioning. This chapter concludes with a recommendation that military specific exposure guidelines consider not only the existing evidence base regarding sexual and reproductive toxicity but also the valid concerns of military personnel about such effects and the possibility of their later confirmation.

Research and methodologic opportunities and challenges conducting research among US military personnel

2020 ◽  
pp. 445-452
Author(s):  
Ann I Scher ◽  
David W Niebuhr ◽  
Darrell Singer
Keyword(s):  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Service Members ◽  
Epidemiologic Research ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Service Members ◽  
The Us ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
The Military

This chapter explores the opportunities and challenges in conducting epidemiologic research among US military personnel. The US military represents a unique opportunity for neurological and neuropsychiatric epidemiology. Comprised of a subset of the US population, military service members represent an open cohort who are exposed to a variety of occupational, physical, and psychological environments. While pre-accession socioeconomic status of individual military service members may vary, once in service, employment benefits and social support, including healthcare, are highly standardized. These attributes offer both strengths and constraints when conducting epidemiologic research among the military. Challenges (or possibly opportunities) associated with studying military populations include demographics, the ‘healthy warrior’ effect, and access. Meanwhile, opportunities include capture of medical encounter data in a standardized way as well as the size of the population, which makes it feasible to study relatively rare conditions. Indeed, the economic and ethnic diversity of the US military enhances the ability to study population subgroups. While the military population is predominantly young men, this is also a strength as young men are often under-represented in civilian population studies.

Improving Work and Rest Patterns of Military Personnel in Operational Settings with Frequent Unplanned Events

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 772-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nita Lewis Shattuck ◽  
Panagiotis Matsangas ◽  
Arlene Saitzyk
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Military Population ◽  
Section 8 ◽  
Us Military ◽  
The Us ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Military

Members of the military get inadequate sleep due to a variety of reasons. Reduced manning, extended work hours, shiftwork schedules that result in circadian misalignment – all of these factors contribute to the sleep debt and degraded alertness observed in much of the military population. The issue of watchstanding schedules, performance, and alertness is of critical importance to the US military and is the focus of the current study. Based on a sample of active duty military members (N=75), this study had two goals. First, to conduct a field-based monitoring of the sleep and performance of military personnel while performing their duties. Second, to create and validate optimal recommendations based on the results of this empirical study. Participants wore actigraphs over a two-week period, completed daily activity logs, and took three-minute reaction time tests before and after standing watch on their regular schedules. Participants worked on a 2-day on/2-day off schedule, either in 3-section 8-hour shifts, or 2-section 12-hour shifts. Although there were no significant differences in the sleep amounts between the two schedules, results showed that participants on 8-hr shifts had fewer errors and less variable reaction time performance than those working 12-hr shifts. The 8-hr group reported better sleep quality, too. Our results suggest that the 8-hour schedule is better than the 12-hour schedule in terms of sleep and performance but may be more difficult to be applied. This study clearly shows the difficulty of implementing a specific watchstanding schedule in operational environments overloaded with unplanned, and irregular operational duties.

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