The Functional Groups of Micro-organisms Used as Bio-indicator on Soil Disturbance Caused by Biotech Products such as Bacillus thuringiensis and Bt Transgenic Plants

2008 ◽  
pp. 121-132
Author(s):  
Galdino Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Micro Organisms ◽  
Biotech Products

scholarly journals An amphibian antimicrobial peptide variant expressed in Nicotiana tabacum confers resistance to phytopathogens1

2003 ◽  
Vol 370 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella PONTI ◽  
M. LUISA MANGONI ◽  
Giuseppina MIGNOGNA ◽  
Maurizio SIMMACO ◽  
Donatella BARRA
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Rana Esculenta ◽  
Cauliflower Mosaic Virus ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Skin Secretions ◽  
Fungal Phytopathogens ◽  
Micro Organisms

Esculentin-1 is a 46-residue antimicrobial peptide present in skin secretions of Rana esculenta. It is effective against a wide variety of micro-organisms, including plant pathogens with negligible effects on eukaryotic cells. As a possible approach to enhance plant resistance, a DNA coding for esculentin-1, with the substitution Met-28Leu, was fused at the C-terminal end of the leader sequence of endopolygalacturonase-inhibiting protein, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter region, and introduced into Nicotiana tabacum. The antimicrobial peptide was isolated from the intercellular fluids of healthy leaves of transgenic plants, suggesting that it was properly processed, secreted outside cells and accumulated in the intercellular spaces. The morphology of transgenic plants was unaffected. Challenging these plants with bacterial or fungal phytopathogens demonstrated enhanced resistance up to the second generation. Moreover, transgenic plants displayed insecticidal properties.

Chemical Regulation of Bacillus Thuringiensis ∂-Endotoxin Expression in Transgenic Plants

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 540-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shericca Williams ◽  
Leslie Friedrich ◽  
Sandra Dincher ◽  
Nadine Carozzi ◽  
Helmut Kessmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Chemical Regulation

scholarly journals Transfer and Transcriptional Expression of Coleopteran cryIIIB Endotoxin Gene of Bacillus thuringiensis in Eggplant

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 921-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chen ◽  
Gojko Jelenkovic ◽  
Chee-Kok Chin ◽  
Sharon Billings ◽  
Jodi Eherhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Leptinotarsa Decemlineata ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Rnase Protection ◽  
Potato Beetle ◽  
Transcription Process ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Coleopteran Insect ◽  
Primary Transformants

Three constructs of a coleopteran toxic cryIIIB Bacillus thuringiensis gene were engineered and incorporated into eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Southern blot analysis of the eight primary transformants and segregational analysis of their R, progenies indicated that the chimeric cryIIIB constructs in each of the transgenic plants were stably incorporated at a single locus or at multiple sites within the same linkage group and that they were regularly transmissible to the progeny. The results of Northern blot and RNase protection analyses demonstrated that transcription of the cryIIIB mRNA takes place in plant cells, but only a small amount of the expected entire length transcripts were produced. The amount of the 5' end mRNA fragment produced was at least 30 to 40 times more abundant than the amount of the 3' end mRNA fragment. This could be interpreted to mean that either the two ends of the mRNA are of different stability or that the transcription process is often interrupted and only a few mRNAs complete the entire process to the end. When the transgenic plant mRNA was reverse-transcribed, amplified by polymerase chain reaction, and hybridized to the cryIIIB probe, two smaller molecular weight mRNA species were identified. Thus, the preponderance of the cryIIIB mRNA in transgenic plants exists as a truncated species, a situation similar to that of cryI genes when expressed in transgenic plants. Seedlings from the eight independent transgenic plants were tested for Coleopteran insect resistance. However, they did not demonstrate any significant resistance to the first and second instar larvae of the Colorado potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata Say).

scholarly journals Transgenic plants expressing immunosuppressive dsRNA improve entomopathogen efficacy against Spodoptera littoralis larvae

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Di Lelio ◽  
Eleonora Barra ◽  
Mariangela Coppola ◽  
Giandomenico Corrado ◽  
Rosa Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Spodoptera Littoralis ◽  
Tobacco Plants ◽  
Double Stranded Rna ◽  
Killing Activity ◽  
Lepidopteran Larvae ◽  
Lepidopteran Pest

AbstractTransgenic plants that express double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) targeting vital insect genes have recently emerged as a valuable new tool for pest control. In this study, tobacco plants were transformed to produce dsRNA targeting Sl 102 gene that is involved in the immune response of Spodoptera littoralis larvae, a serious lepidopteran pest of several crops. Experimental larvae reared on transgenic tobacco lines showed (1) a strongly reduced level of Sl 102 transcripts, which was positively associated with food consumption; (2) a substantial impairment of the encapsulation response mediated by hemocytes; and (3) a marked increase in the susceptibility to Xentari™, a Bacillus thuringiensis-based insecticide. Importantly, this approach may allow a reduction in the doses of B. thuringiensis used for field applications and enhance its killing activity on mature larvae. The results obtained thus support the use of immunosuppressive RNAi plants to enhance the performance of microbial insecticides on lepidopteran larvae.

scholarly journals Effect of Bacillus thuringiensis on microbial functional groups in sorghum rhizosphere

2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 873-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Brasil ◽  
Leopoldo Sussumu Matsumoto ◽  
Marco Antonio Nogueira ◽  
Flavia Regina Spago ◽  
Luís Gustavo Rampazo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Microbial Population ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rhizosphere Microorganisms ◽  
Microbial Functional Groups

The objective of this work was to assess the effect of two strains of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki on sorghum rhizosphere microorganisms. The strains were HD1, that produces the bioinsecticidal protein, and 407, that is a mutant non-producer. The strains do not influence microbial population, but reduce plant growth and improve mycorrhizal colonization and free living fixing N2 community.

scholarly journals Shifting Paradigm on Bacillus thuringiensis Toxin and a Natural Model for Enterococcus faecalis Septicemia

mBio ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joerg Graf
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bacillus Thuringiensis Toxin ◽  
Bt Toxin

ABSTRACT The Bt toxin is widely used in agriculture both as a spray and in transgenic plants, yet its precise mode of action against lepidopterans is poorly understood. The study by Mason et al. [mBio 2(3):e00065-11, 2011] revealed that Bt toxin enables an inhabitant of the midgut, Enterococcus faecalis, to enter the hemolymph of larvae and cause septicemia, leading to death.

scholarly journals Transgenic Plants (Bacillus thuringiensis) in Mesoamerican Agriculture

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Marjorie A. Hoy ◽  
A. J. Hruska ◽  
M. L. Pavon
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants

scholarly journals Soybean plants expressing the Bacillus thuringiensis cry8-like gene show resistance to Holotrichia parallela

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Qin ◽  
Xiao-Yi Liu ◽  
Cristina Miceli ◽  
Qi Zhang ◽  
Pi-wu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Transgenic Plants ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Transgenic Soybean ◽  
Cry Protein ◽  
Transgenic Expression ◽  
Holotrichia Parallela ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Soybean Leaves

Abstract Background Cry8-like from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) encodes an insecticidal crystal (Cry) protein. Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidae), commonly known as the dark black chafer, is a troublesome pest of soybean (Glycine max). To test whether cry8-like can confer resistance against H. parallela to soybean, we introduced cry8-like from the Bt strain HBF-18 into soybean cultivar Jinong 28. Results Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis demonstrated that cry8-like was expressed most highly in soybean leaves. In addition, Southern blot assays revealed that one copy of the integrated fragment was present in the transformed plants. Eight independent cry8-like transgenic lines were subsequently fed on by H. parallela. Under H. parallela feeding stress, the survival rates of the non-transgenic plants were 92% lower than those of the transgenic plants. The mortality rate of H. parallela increased when the larvae fed on the roots of T1 transgenic soybean plants. Moreover, the surviving larvae were deformed, and their growth was inhibited. Conclusions Collectively, our data suggest that transgenic soybean plants expressing the cry8-like gene are more resistant to H. parallela than non-transgenic plants and that transgenic expression of the cry8-like gene may represent a promising strategy for engineering pest tolerance. The events generated in this study could thus be utilized in soybean breeding programs.

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