Behavior and Hot Cracking Susceptibility of Filler Metal 52 M (ERNiCrFe-7A) Overlays on Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Materials

2011 ◽  
pp. 333-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. McCracken ◽  
Richard E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Steel Base

Evaluation of Filler Metal 52M (ERNiCrFe-7A) Hot Cracking When Welding on Cast Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Materials

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. McCracken ◽  
Richard E. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Alloy Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Low Alloy Steel ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Centrifugally Cast ◽  
Dissimilar Metal ◽  
Cast Stainless Steel

Dissimilar metal welds of filler metal 182 (ENiCrFe-3) in the primary loop of pressurized water reactor (PWR) nuclear plants are susceptible to primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) after decades of service. Repair or mitigation has been routinely accomplished by installing a structural weld overlay (SWOL) on the filler metal 182 weld joint with the more PWSCC resistant filler metal 52M (ERNiCrFe-7A). The typical dissimilar metal joint consists of a low alloy steel vessel nozzle welded to an austenitic stainless steel safe end. The SWOL extends from the low alloy steel nozzle over the safe end and most often onto the adjoining wrought or cast stainless steel pipe. Field experience shows that filler metal 52M is susceptible to hot cracking when welding on certain heats of centrifugally cast stainless steel piping. This report evaluates 52M hot cracking when welding on CASS piping and provides the likely cause and mechanism for the cracking. The synergistic influence of silicon (Si) and sulfur (S) elements on the weld bead shape and dilution that leads to hot cracking is investigated. In addition, studies on the influence and use of the gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) power ratio parameter for 52M overlays are presented.

Influence of Austenitic Stainless Steel Base Metals on Hot Cracking Susceptibility of High Chromium Nickel-Base Filler Metals

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven L. McCracken ◽  
Jonathon K. Tatman
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Base Metals ◽  
Alloy 690 ◽  
Steel Base

Alloy 690 is a 30 wt% chromium base metal with excellent resistance to PWSCC. Alloy 52M (ERNiCr-7A) is weld filler metal that closely matches the composition of Alloy 690 and also exhibits excellent resistance to PWSCC [1]. Alloy 52M is currently used for new nuclear component fabrication and for repair and mitigation of PWSCC in operating nuclear power plants. Unfortunately, industry experience and laboratory testing has shown that Alloy 52M is susceptible to hot cracking when welding over some austenitic stainless steel base material compositions. Currently there is no clear understanding of the specific composition levels that increase the susceptibility to hot cracking. This paper summarizes preliminary results of an EPRI study on hot cracking susceptibility Alloy 52M when welded on a range of austenitic stainless steel samples [2]. The focus of the EPRI study was to identify high risk base metals with compositions that promote hot cracking and provide counter measures to mitigate or lessen the propensity for hot cracking.

Characterization of microstructure and texture across dissimilar super duplex/austenitic stainless steel weldment joint by super duplex filler metal

2015 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 27-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Eghlimi ◽  
Morteza Shamanian ◽  
Masoomeh Eskandarian ◽  
Azam Zabolian ◽  
Jerzy A. Szpunar
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Steel Weldment ◽  
Stainless Steel Weldment

Nitrogen Enhanced 316LN Austenitic Stainless Steel for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactors

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 670-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammana Jayakumar ◽  
A.K. Bhaduri ◽  
M.D. Mathew ◽  
Shaju K. Albert ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Low Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Hot Cracking ◽  
Cycle Fatigue ◽  
Fast Reactors ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
316Ln Ss

For the future sodium-cooled fast reactors (SFRs), which are envisaged with a design life of 60 years, nitrogen-enhanced 316LN austenitic stainless steel (SS) with improved high-temperature properties is being developed. To optimize the enhanced nitrogen content in 316LN SS, the effect of nitrogen on its tensile, creep and low cycle fatigue behavior has been investigated. For different heats of 316LN SS containing 0.07-0.22 wt% nitrogen, the tensile and creep properties increased with increase in nitrogen content, while low cycle fatigue properties peaked at 0.14 wt% nitrogen. Finally, based on the evaluation of the hot cracking susceptibility of the different heats of 316LN SS with varying nitrogen content, using the Varestraint and Gleeble hot-ductility tests, the nitrogen content for the nitrogen-enhanced 316LN SS has been optimized at a level of 0.14 wt%. The 0.14 wt% nitrogen content in this optimised composition shifts the solidification mode of the weld metal to fully austenitic region, including that due to dilution of nitrogen from the base metal, thereby increasing its hot cracking susceptibility. This necessitated development and qualification of welding electrodes for obtaining weld metal with 0.14 wt% nitrogen by optimising the weld metal chemistry so as to obtain the requisite delta ferrite content, tensile properties, and very importantly impact toughness both in the as-welded and aged conditions. Studies on localised corrosion behaviour of nitrogen-enhanced 316LN SS indicated the beneficial effect of nitrogen addition to sensitization, pitting, intergranular corrosion, stress corrosion cracking and corrosion fatigue.

Effect of Filler Metals on the Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Low Carbon Steel and 316L Stainless Steel Welded Joints

2015 ◽  
Vol 819 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Mamat ◽  
E. Hamzah ◽  
Z. Ibrahim ◽  
A.M. Rohah ◽  
A. Bahador
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Filler Metal ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Steel Base ◽  
Welding Electrode

In this paper, dissimilar joining of 316L stainless steel to low carbon steel was carried out using gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Samples were welded using AWS: ER309L welding electrode for GMAW and AWS: ER316L welding electrode for GTAW process. Determination of mechanical properties and material characterization on the welded joints were carried out using the Instron tensile test machine and an optical microscope respectively. The cross section area of the welded joint consists of three main areas namely the base metal (BM), heat affected zone (HAZ), and weld metal (WM). It was found that, the yield and tensile strengths of welded samples using ER316L filler metal were slightly higher than the welded sample using ER309L welding electrode. All welded samples fractured at low carbon steel base metal indicating that the regions of ER316L stainless steel base metal, ER316L filler metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) have a higher strength than low carbon steel base metal. It was also found that ER316L welding electrode was the best filler to be used for welding two dissimilar metals between carbon and stainless steel.

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